Catholic Encyclopedia Reference Catholicism Denominations

In the first ages, during the night before every feast, a vigil was kept. In the evening the faithful assembled in the place or church where the feast was to be celebrated and prepared themselves by prayers, readings from Holy Writ (now the Offices of Ves

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Ephesus - A titular archiespiscopal see in Asia Minor, said catholic encyclopedia to reference have been founded in the eleventh century catholic encyclopedia B.C. by reference Androcles, son of the Athenian King catholic encyclopedia Codrus, with the reference aid of Ionian colonists.
Eadmer - Precentor of Canterbury and historian.
Eginhard - Historian, born c. 770 in the district watered by the reference River Main in the eastern part of the Frankish Empire; reference d. 14 March, 840, at Seligenstadt.
Eutychianus, Pope Saint - The successor of Pope Felix I. Eutychianus died catholic encyclopedia in 283.
Eccleston, Thomas of - Thirteenth-century Friar Minor and chronicler.
Epiklesis - The name of a prayer that occurs in reference all Eastern reference liturgies (and originally in Western liturgies reference also) after the words reference of Institution, in which reference the celebrant prays that God may reference send down reference His Holy Spirit to change this bread and reference reference wine into the Body and Blood
Engelbert - Abbot of the Benedictine monastery of Admont in Styria, b. e of noble parents at Volkersdorf in Styria, c. 1250; d. e 12 May, 1331.
Ewing, Thomas - Jurist and statesman, b. in West Liberty, Virginia (now West reference Virginia), U.S.A., 28 December, 1789; d. at Lancaster, Ohio, 26 reference October, 1871.
Eithene, Saint - Sixth-century Irish woman, visionary.
Euthanasia - From Greek eu, well, and thanatos, death, easy, painless death.
Eustathius of Sebaste - Born about 300; died about 377. He was catholic encyclopedia one catholic encyclopedia of the chief founders of monasticism in catholic encyclopedia Asia Minor, catholic encyclopedia and for a long time was catholic encyclopedia an intimate friend catholic encyclopedia of St. Basil.
Europe - The conception of Europe as a distinct division of the earth, separate from Asia and Africa, had its origin in ancient times.
Eliseus - A Prophet of Israel.
Ewald, Saints - Both saints named Ewald (or Hewald)--Ewald the Black and Ewald e the Fair--were Northumbrian priests, martyred in Old Saxony about 695.
Ethics - Many writers regard ethics as any scientific treatment reference of the moral order and divide it into reference theological, or Christian, ethics (moral theology) and philosophical reference ethics (moral philosophy).
Easter Controversy - The dispute regarding the proper time of observing catholic encyclopedia Easter.
Egypt - Provides information on history, religion, and literature.
Exultet - The hymn in praise of the paschal candle sung by catholic encyclopedia the deacon, in the liturgy of Holy Saturday.
Edward Powell, Blessed - Biography of the Welsh priest, Bl. Thomas Abel\\'s e companion in martyrdom, d. 1506.
Eschatology - A survey of the subject in various pre-Christian religions and cultures, an examination of the development of eschatology in the Old Testament, brief overview of Christian teaching.
Englefield, Sir Henry Charles, Bart. - Antiquary and scientist, b. 1752; d. 21 March, reference 1822.
Eyre, Thomas - First president of Ushaw College; born at Glossop, Derbyshire; in catholic encyclopedia 1748; died at Ushaw, 8 May, 1810.
Eustachius, Bartolomeo - A distinguished anatomist of the Renaissance period.
Egbert, Saint - A Northumbrian by birth, became a monk in catholic encyclopedia Ireland, reference died in 729 at the age of catholic encyclopedia 90.
Eznik - A writer of the fifth century, born at reference Golp, in e the province of Taikh, a tributary reference valley of the Chorokh, e in Northern Armenia.
Evangelist - In the New Testament this word, in its catholic encyclopedia substantive e form, occurs only three times: Acts, xxi, catholic encyclopedia 8; Eph., e iv, 11; II Tim., iv, 5. catholic encyclopedia It seems to e indicate not so much an catholic encyclopedia order in the early e ecclesiastical hierarchy as a catholic encyclopedia function.
Eugenius II (the Younger) - Archbishop of Toledo from 647 to 13 Nov., reference 657, the e date of his death.
Eanbald II - Date of birth unknown; died 810 or 812.
Evodius - The first Bishop of Antioch after St. Peter.
Esglis, Louis-Philippe Mariauchau d' - Eighth Bishop of Quebec, Canada; born Quebec, 24 April, 1710; e died 7 June, 1788.
Ecclesiastical Architecture - All ecclesiastical architecture may be said to have reference been evolved from two distinct germ-cells, the oblong reference and the circular chamber.
Egloffstein, Frederick W. von - Born at Aldorf, near Nuremberg, Bavaria, 18 May, 1824; died e in New York, 1885.
Ekkehard of Aura - Benedictine monk and chronicler, b. about 1050; d. after 1125.
Eudocia - Ælia Eudocia, sometimes wrongly called Eudoxia, was the wife of Theodosius II; died c. 460. Her original name was Athenais, and she was the daughter of Leontius, one of the last pagans who taught rhetoric at Athens.
Epiphanius of Constantinople - Succeeded John II (518-20) as Patriarch of Constantinople.
Espousals - A contract of future marriage between a man and a woman, who are thereby affianced.
Eugene II, Pope - Elected 6 June, 824; died 27 Aug., 827.
Eugenius I - Archbishop of Toledo, successor in 636 of Justus e in that see; d. 647.
Edmund Campion, Saint - English Jesuit, martyr, d. 1581. Biographical article.
Eberhard, Matthias - Bishop of Trier, b. 15 Nov., 1815, at Trier (Germany), d. there 30 May, 1876.
Elined, Saint - British princess, virgin, and martyr, fl. c. 490. e Venerated especially in Wales.
Entablature - A superstructure which lies horizontally upon the columns e in classic catholic encyclopedia architecture.
Ezekiel - Son of Buzi, and was one of the priests who, reference in the year 598 B.C., had been deported together with reference Joachim as prisoners from Jerusalem (IV Kings, xxiv, 12-16; cf. reference Ezek. xxxiii, 21, xl, 1).
Emigrant Aid Societies - Details of several organizations, the earliest being the Charitable Irish reference Society of Boston, Massachusetts, founded 17 March, 1737.
Ethelbert - Archbishop of York.
Echave, Baltasar de - Painter, born at Zumaya, Guipuzcoa, Spain, in the catholic encyclopedia latter part of the sixteenth century; died in catholic encyclopedia Mexico about the middle of the seventeenth.
Elvira, Council of - Held early in the fourth century at Elliberis, e or Illiberis, in Spain, a city now in e ruins not far from Granada.
Espinel, Vincent - Poet and novelist; born at Ronda (Malaga), Spain, 1544; died at Madrid, 1634.
Emmerich, Anne Catherine - An Augustinian nun, stigmatic, and ecstatic, born 8 September, 1774, at Flamsche, near Coesfeld, in the Diocese of Munster, Westphalia, Germany; died at Dulmen, 9 February, 1824.
Epping, Joseph - German astronomer and Assyriologist, b. at Neuenkirchen near reference Rhine in e Westphalia, 1 Dec., 1835; d. at reference Exaeten, Holland, 22 Aug., e 1894.
Education - In the broadest sense, education includes all those reference experiences by which intelligence is developed, knowledge acquired, reference and character formed. In a narrower sense, it reference is the work done by certain agencies and reference institutions, the home and the school, for the reference e
Esdras - Or Ezra. Article on the man and the books which bear his name.
Eternity - Eternity is defined by Boetius (De Consol. Phil., e V, vi) as "possession, without succession and perfect, e of interminable life".
Elhuyar y de Suvisa, Fausto de - Mineralogist and chemist. (1755-1833)
Echard, Jacques - Historian of the Dominicans, born at Rouen, France, 22 September, 1644; died at Paris, 15 March, 1724.
Eulogius of Cordova, Saint - Writer, martyr, elected Archbishop of Toledo shortly before he was reference beheaded (11 March, 859).
Ex Cathedra - Literally "from the chair", a theological term which signifies authoritative reference teaching and is more particularly applied to the definitions given reference by the Roman pontiff.
Elphin - Suffragan of Tuam, Ireland, a see founded by catholic encyclopedia St. reference Patrick.
Examiners, Apostolic - So called because appointed by the Apostolic See for service reference in Rome. In 1570 Pius V instituted the Apostolic examiners reference to conduct examinations of candidates for orders and of confessors.
Ernst of Hesse-Rheinfels - The sixth son of Moritz, Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel, after whose e resignation of the government in 1627 to his son Wilhelm e V, Ernst and his brother Hermann respectively founded the collateral e lines of Hesse-Rheinfels and Hesse-Rotenburg.
Euphemius of Constantinople - Succeeded as patriarch Flavitas (or Fravitas, 489-490), who catholic encyclopedia succeeded Acacius (471-489).
Editions of the Bible - Includes Hebrew and Greek editions.
Emerentiana, Saint - Virgin and martyr, d. at Rome in the e third century.
English College, The, in Rome - Information on its foundation, scholastic status, and students.
Espejo, Antonio - A Spanish explorer, whose fame rests upon a notable expedition reference which he conducted into New Mexico and Arizona in 1582-3.
Ephraim of Antioch - One of the defenders of the Faith of Chalcedon (451) e against the Monophysites, b. at Amida in Mesopotamia; d. in e 545.
Edmund Rich, Saint - This Archbishop of Canterbury died in 1240, and was canonized catholic encyclopedia within six years. Biography.
Elzéar of Sabran, Saint - Married, Third Order Franciscan, d. 1323.
Evangelical Church - Almost from the beginning the new Evangelical Church reference was split, catholic encyclopedia first into two communions, the Lutheran reference and the Reformed, then catholic encyclopedia into a multitude of reference sects.
Enthronization - From Greek 'enthronízein, to place on a throne.
Erhard of Ratisbon, Saint - Seventh-century Irish-born missionary bishop.
English Confessors and Martyrs (1534-1729) - Since this article was published, some of the causes for canonization have been successful, and others have progressed from "venerable" to "blessed."
Education of the Blind - Includes statistics and history.
Eskil - Archbishop of Lund, Skåne, Sweden; b. about 1100; d. at catholic encyclopedia Clairvaux, 6 (7?) Sept., 1181.
Ellwangen Abbey - The earliest Benedictine monastery established in the Duchy reference of Wurtemberg, reference situated in the Diocese of Augsburg reference about thirty miles north-east reference of the town of reference Stuttgart.
Eustace, John Chetwode - Antiquary, b. in Ireland, c. 1762; d. at Naples, Italy, e 1 Aug., 1815.
Emmanuel - Signifies "God with us" (Matthew 1:23), and is reference the name catholic encyclopedia of the child predicted in Isaias reference 7:14: "Behold a virgin catholic encyclopedia shall conceive, and bear reference a son, and his name shall catholic encyclopedia be called reference Emmanuel".
Elder, William Henry - Third Bishop of Natchez, Mississippi, U.S.A., and second catholic encyclopedia Archbishop e of Cincinnati, b. in Baltimore, Maryland, 22 catholic encyclopedia March, 1819; e d. in Cincinnati, 31 Oct., 1904.
Evolution, History and Scientific Foundation of - History, definition, and various arguments.
Exclusion, Right of - The alleged competence of the more important Catholic countries, Austria, France, and Spain, to indicate to their respective cardinal protector, or cardinal procurator, those members of the Sacred College who were personæ minus gratæ, so that, if there
Ensingen, Ulrich - Belonged to a family of architects who came catholic encyclopedia from catholic encyclopedia Einsingen near Ulm, Wurtemberg, and who shared catholic encyclopedia as master-builders catholic encyclopedia in the construction of the most catholic encyclopedia important Gothic buildings catholic encyclopedia of the fifteenth century in catholic encyclopedia Southern Germany.
Eulogius of Alexandria, Saint - Patriarch of Alexandria. Argued against Novatians, and against Nestorius and Eutyches. Eulogius died in 607.
Ephesus, Seven Sleepers of - One of the many examples of the legend about a catholic encyclopedia man who falls asleep and years after wakes up to catholic encyclopedia find the world changed.
Error - Reduplicatively regarded, is in one way or another the product of ignorance. But besides the lack of information which it implies, it adds the positive element of a mental judgment, by which something false is held to be true, or something true avouched t
Emmaus - A titular see in Pa1æstina Prima, suffragan of Cæsarea.
Engelberg, Abbey of - A Benedictine monastery in Switzerland, formerly in the Diocese of Constance.
Epée, Charles-Michel de l' - A philanthropic priest and inventor of the sign reference alphabet for reference the instruction of the deaf and reference dumb; was b. at reference Versailles, 25 November, 1712; reference d. at Paris, 23 December, 1789.
Expectative - An expectative, or an expectative grace, is the e anticipatory grant reference of an ecclesiastical benefice, not vacant e at the moment but reference which will become so, e regularly, on the death of its reference present incumbent.
Egbert, Archbishop of York - Son of Eata, brother of the Northumbrian King catholic encyclopedia Eadbert and cousin of King Ceolwulf, to whom catholic encyclopedia the Venerable Bede dedicated his history; date of catholic encyclopedia birth unknown; d. 19 November, 766.
Emery, Jacques-André - Superior of the Society of St-Sulpice during the catholic encyclopedia French Revolution, b. 26 Aug., 1732, at Gex; catholic encyclopedia d. at Paris, 28 April, 1811.
Ezechias - King of Juda, son and successor of Achaz.
Endlicher, Stephan Ladislaus - Austrian botanist, linguist, and historian, b. at Pressburg, Hungary, 24 June, 1804; d. at Vienna, 28 March, 1849.
Evora - Located in Portugal, raised to archiepiscopal rank in reference 1544, at e which time it was given as reference suffragans Leiria and Portalegre; e in 1570 and later reference were added Sylves, Ceuta, Congo, Santo e Thomé, Funchal, reference Cabo Verde, and Angra.
Espousals of the Blessed Virgin Mary - A feast of the Latin Church.
Elevation, The - The Elevation of the Mass is a rite e of comparatively recent introduction.
Egan, Boetius - Archbishop of Tuam, born near Tuam, Ireland, 1734; died near Tuam, 1798.
Exorcist - (1) In general, any one who exorcises or reference professes to exorcise demons (cf. Acts 19:13); (2) reference in particular, one ordained by a bishop for reference this office, ordination to which is the second reference of the four minor orders of the Western reference Church.
Eckhart, Johann Georg von - German historian, b. at Duingen in the principality of Kalenberg, e 7 Sept., 1664; d. at Würzburg, 9 Feb., 1730.
Ecclesiastical Art - Article explores the origin, history, and types.
Eucharius, Saint - First bishop of Trier (Treves). Second half of third century.
Egbert, Archbishop of Trier - Belonged to the family of the Counts of catholic encyclopedia Holland. e Died 8 or 9 December, 993.
Eskimo - A littoral race occupying the entire Arctic coast reference and outlying islands of America from below Cook reference Inlet in Alaska to the mouth of the reference St. Lawrence.
Eugendus, Saint - Fourth abbot of Condat, d. 510. Also called St. e Augendus, Oyand, or Oyan.
Evreux - Diocese in the Department of Eure, France; suffragan catholic encyclopedia of reference the Archbishopric of Rouen.
Exequatur - A faculty which civil rulers impart to a e Bull, papal e Brief, or other ecclesiastical enactment in e order to give it e binding force in their e respective territories.
Election - In its broadest sense election means a choice among many persons, things, or sides to be taken. In the stricter juridical sense it means the choice of one person among many for a definite charge or function.
Emancipation, Ecclesiastical - In ancient Rome emancipation was a process of reference law by e which a slave released from the reference control of his master, e or a son liberated reference from the authority of his father e (patria potestas), reference was declared legally independent. The earliest ecclesiastical employment e reference of
Eutyches - An heresiarch of the fifth century.
Escobar, Marina de - Mystic and foundress of a modified branch of reference the Brigittine Order b. at Valladolid, Spain, 8 reference Feb., 1554; d. there 9 June, 1633.
Encolpion - The name given in early Christian times to catholic encyclopedia a catholic encyclopedia species of reliquary worn round the neck, catholic encyclopedia in which catholic encyclopedia were enclosed relics.
England (Before the Reformation) - This term England is here restricted to one catholic encyclopedia constituent, the largest and most populous, of the catholic encyclopedia United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
Encyclopedists - Article by C.A. Dubray siscusses the group of catholic encyclopedia philosophers catholic encyclopedia who contributed to the Encyclopédie.
Egwin, Saint - Third bishop of Worcester, founded the Benedictine monastery reference of Evesham, d. 717 or 720.
Edelinck - The family name of four engravers.
Eucharist, Early Symbols of the - The earliest and always the favourite symbol of the Eucharist reference in the monuments was that inspired by the miracle of reference the multiplication of the loaves and fishes; the banquet of reference the seven Disciples appears only in one (second-century) catacomb scene; reference the mir
Eparchy - Originally the name of one of the divisions catholic encyclopedia of reference the Roman Empire.
Exeter, Ancient Diocese of - English see, chosen by Leofric, Bishop of Crediton, as his cathedral city in 1050.
Edesius and Frumentius - Tyrian Greeks of the fourth century, probably brothers, who introduced e Christianity into Abyssinia; the latter a saint and first Bishop e of Axum, styled the Apostle of Abyssinia, d. about 383.
Enciso, Martín Fernández de - Navigator and geographer, b. at Seville, Spain, c. e 1470; d. catholic encyclopedia probably about 1528 at Seville.
Euaria - A titular see of Phoenicia Secunda or Libanensis, catholic encyclopedia in catholic encyclopedia Palestine.
Eumenia - A titular see of Phrygia Pacatiana in Asia reference Minor, and suffragan to Hierapolis.
Edward Osbaldeston, Blessed - Profile of the English priest and martyr, who reference was executed reference at York in 1594.
Everald Hanse, Blessed - Priest martyred at Tyburn in 1581.
Ephod - a kind of garment, which differed according to its use catholic encyclopedia by the high-priest, by other persons present at religious services, catholic encyclopedia or as the object of idolatrous worship.
Egan, Michael - First bishop of Philadelphia, U.S.A., b. in Ireland, reference most probably reference in Galway, in 1761; d. at reference Philadelphia, 22 July, 1814.
Ernan, Saint - Some people count more than two dozen saints of this reference name. Article tries to distinguish four of them.
Esnambuc, Pierre Belain, Sieur d' - Captain in the French marine, b. 1565, at e Allouville, near Yvetot (Seine-Inferieure); d. at St. Christopher e in Dec., 1636.
Exposition of the Blessed Sacrament - A manner of honouring the Holy Eucharist, by reference exposing it, with proper solemnity, to the view reference of the faithful in order that they may reference pay their devotions before it.
Eugenics, The Church and - Eugenics literally means "good breeding". It is defined as the study of agencies under social control that may improve or impair the racial qualities of future generations either physically or mentally.
Eusebius of Dorylæum - Bishop of Dorylæum in Asia Minor, was the catholic encyclopedia prime mover on behalf of Catholic orthodoxy against catholic encyclopedia the heresies of Nestorius and Eutyches.
Eudoxias - A titular see of Galatia Secunda in Asia e Minor, suffragan of Pessinus.
Est, Willem Hessels van - Famous commentator on the Pauline Epistles. (1542-1613)
Elias of Cortona - Minister General of the Friars Minor, b., it reference is said, e at Bevilia near Assisi, c. 1180; reference d. at Cortona, 22 e April, 1253.
Edward Waterson, Blessed - English priest, missionary, and martyr. Executed in 1594 e (1593 old e style). Biographical entry.
Ecclesiastes - The name given to the book of Holy Scripture which e usually follows the Proverbs; the Hebrew Qoheleth probably has the e same meaning.
Energy, The Law of Conservation of - Includes the history and philosophy.
Eoghan, Saints - Some details on five Irish saints of this e name.
Etherianus, Hugh and Leo - Brothers, Tuscans by birth, employed at the court catholic encyclopedia of catholic encyclopedia Constantinople under the Emperor Manuel I (Comnenus, catholic encyclopedia 1143-1180).
Edmund the Martyr, Saint - Short biography of the King of East Anglia, e who died in 870.
Edward Jones, Blessed - Welsh convert to Catholicism. Became a priest. reference He was martyred in 1590. Article also has reference some information on his fellow martyr Anthony Middleton.
Evagrius Ponticus - Short article on this important fourth-century author of catholic encyclopedia ascetical writings.
Ethethard - The fourteenth Archbishop of Canterbury, England, date of birth unknown; e died 12 May, 805.
Emesa - A titular see of Phnicia Secunda, suffragan of reference Damascus, and the seat of two Uniat archdioceses, reference Greek Melchite and Syrian.
Ephraem, Saint - Long article on the life and works of catholic encyclopedia the catholic encyclopedia hermit, deacon, poet.
Ercilla y Zúñiga, Alonso de - Spanish soldier and poet, born in Madrid, 7 August, 1533; died in the same city, 29 November, 1594.
Evesham Abbey - Founded by St. Egwin, third Bishop of Worcester, reference about 701, reference in Worcestershire, England, and dedicated to reference the Blessed Virgin.
Eugene III, Pope Blessed - Cistercian monk and abbot chosen by unanimous vote of the catholic encyclopedia College of Cardinals to succeed Lucius II. Blessed Eugene died catholic encyclopedia in 1151.
Esther - Queen of Persia and wife of Assuerus, who catholic encyclopedia is e identified with Xerxes (485-465 B.C.).
Engaddi - The name of a warm spring near the reference center of catholic encyclopedia the west shore of the Dead reference Sea, and also of catholic encyclopedia a town situated in reference the same place.
Evil - In a large sense, described as the sum reference of the opposition, which experience shows to exist reference in the universe, to the desires and needs reference of individuals; whence arises, among humans beings at reference least, the sufferings in which life abounds.
Epistemology - That branch of philosophy which is concerned with the value e of human knowledge.
Edwin, Saint - Biography of the first Christian King of Northumbria, who died in 633. Also known, in Latinized form, as Aeduini.
Empiricism - Primarily, and in its psychological application, the term signifies the theory that the phenomena of consciousness are simply the product of sensuous experience, i.e. of sensations variously associated and arranged.
Evangelical Alliance, The - An association of Protestants belonging to various denominations catholic encyclopedia founded e in 1846.
Edward Bamber, Blessed - Lancashire priest martyred in 1646.
Ecstasy - Offers details of false views.
Eutychius - Melchite Patriarch of Alexandria, author of a history of the reference world, b. 876, at Fustat (Cairo); d. 11 May, 940.
Easterwine - Abbot of Wearmouth, nephew of St. Benedict Biscop; reference born 650, e died 7 March, 686.
Elizabeth of Schönau, Saint - Benedictine visionary, friend of Hildegarde of Bingen. Elizabeth e died in e 1165.
Executor, Apostolic - A cleric who puts into execution a papal rescript, completing e what is necessary in order that it be effective.
English Hierarchy, Reorganization of the - The restoration of the English hierarchy in 1850 was a catholic encyclopedia milestone for English Catholics after the Penal Times.
Evolution, Catholics and - Discussed under the headings: (1) Scientific Hypothesis vs. Philosophical Speculation; (2) Theistic vs. Atheistic Theories of Evolution; (3) The Theory of Evolution vs. Darwinism; and (4) Human Evolution vs. Plant and Animal Evolution.
Erasmus, Desiderius - Article by Joseph Sauer. An extensive overview of the life, reference works and impact of this scholar.
Edessa - A titular archiepiscopal see in that part of Mesopotamia formerly e known as Osrhoene.
Eycken, Jean Baptiste van - Painter, born at Brussels, Belgium, 16 September, 1809; e died at Schaerbeek, 19 December, 1853.
Euthalius - A deacon of Alexandria and later Bishop of e Sulca.
Ecuador - An independent state of South America, bounded on reference the north by Colombia, on the east by reference Brazil, on the south by Peru, and on reference the west by the Pacific Ocean.
Eutychianism - Eutychianism and Monophysitism are usually identified as a e single heresy. But as some Monophysites condemned Eutyches, e the name Eutychians is given by some writers e only to those in Armenia.
Emser, Hieronymus - The most ardent literary opponent of Luther, born catholic encyclopedia of e a prominent family at Ulm, 20 March, catholic encyclopedia 1477; died e 8 Nov., 1527 at Dresden.
Esch, Nicolaus van - A famous mystical theologian, b. in Oisterwijk near e Hertogenbosch (Boisle-Duc), e Holland, in 1507; d. 19 July, e 1578.
Egmont, Lamoral, Count of - Born at the Château de La Hamaide, in e Hainault, 18 catholic encyclopedia Nov., 1522; beheaded at Brussels, 5 e June, 1568.
Elizabeth of Reute, Blessed - Even in her childhood was called "the good Betha." Third reference Order Franciscan, d. 1420.
Eichendorff, Josef Karl Benedikt - Poet. (1788-1857)
Eck, Johann - Theologian and principal adversary of Luther. Detailed profile catholic encyclopedia by catholic encyclopedia J.P. Kirsch.
Erzerum (Theodosiopolis) - The kings of Armenia established their summer residence here. Later catholic encyclopedia Garin fell into the power of the Byzantines, who named catholic encyclopedia it Theodosiopolis (415), under which title it is still a catholic encyclopedia Latin titular see.
Edward Stransham, Blessed - English priest and martyr, d. 1586. Biography.
Erthal, Franz Ludwig von - Prince-Bishop of Würzburg and Bamberg, b. at Lohr on the Main, 16 September, 1730; d. at Würzburg, 16 February, 1795.
Ellis, Philip Michael - First Vicar Apostolic of the Western District, England, catholic encyclopedia subsequently e Bishop of Segni, Italy, b. in 1652; catholic encyclopedia d. 16 e Nov., 1726.
Encyclopedia - An abridgment of human knowledge in general or reference a considerable catholic encyclopedia department thereof, treated from a uniform reference point of view or catholic encyclopedia in a systematized summary.
Eusebius of Laodicea - An Alexandrian deacon who had some fame as a confessor catholic encyclopedia and became bishop of Laodicea in Syria, date of birth catholic encyclopedia uncertain: d. about 268.
Exuperius, Saint - Or Exsuperius. Early fifth-century bishop of Toulouse.
Eperies - Diocese of the Greek Ruthenian Rite, suffragan to e Gran.
Ebermann, Veit - Theologian and controversialist, born 25 May, 1597, at e Rendweisdorff, in reference Bavaria; died 8 April, 1675.
Eyb, Albrecht von - One of the earliest German humanists, born in catholic encyclopedia 1420 e near Anabach in Franconia; died in 1475.
Erdeswicke, Sampson - Antiquarian, date of birth unknown; died 1603.
Erconwald, Saint - Monk, Bishop of London, founded two monasteries, d. about 690. catholic encyclopedia Biography.
Elaea - A titular see of Asia Minor.
Eyston, Charles - Antiquary, born 1667; died 5 November, 1721; he was a member of the ancient family of Eyston.
Egbert - Frequently though incorrectly called "First King of England", reference died A.D. catholic encyclopedia 839.
Elizabeth, Saint - The wife of Zachary, mother of St. John reference the Baptist, e and relative of the Blessed Virgin reference Mary. Some believe that e it was Elizabeth who reference proclaimed the Magnificat.
Exul Hibernicus - The name given to an Irish stranger on the Continent reference of Europe in the time of Charles the Great, who reference wrote poems in Latin, several of which are addressed to reference the emperor.
Eimhin, Saint - Abbot and Bishop of Ros-mic-Truin, d. first half of the sixth century. Some believe that Eimhin is the author of the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick.
Ecclesiasticus - The longest of the deuterocanonical books of the e Bible, and the last of the Sapiential writings e in the Vulgate of the Old Testament.
Elie de Beaumont, Jean-Baptiste-Armand-Louis-Léonce - Geologist, b. at Canon (Dép. Calvados), near Caen, e France, 25 Sept., 1798; d. at Canon, 21 e Sept., 1874.
Ethelbert, Saint - Biography of the King of the East Angles, e who was reference murdered in 794.
Establishment, The - The union of Church and State setting up a definite and distinctive relation between the two is frequently expressed in English by the use of the word "establishment".
Espinosa, Alonso De - Spanish priest and historian of the sixteenth century.
Elizabeth of Hungary, Saint - Also called St. Elizabeth of Thuringia. Biographical article e on the e princess, widow, Third Order Franciscan, who e died in 1231.
Elizabeth, Sisters of Saint - From an association established by Dorothea Klara Wolff, in connection catholic encyclopedia with the sisters, Mathilde and Maria Merkert, and Franziska Werner, catholic encyclopedia 1842, in Nelsse (Prussia), to tend in their own homes, catholic encyclopedia without compensation, helpless sick persons who could not or
Edda - A title applied to two different collections of e old Norse reference literature, the poetical or "Elder Edda" e and the prose or reference "Younger Edda".
Essenes - One of three leading Jewish sects mentioned by reference Josephus as catholic encyclopedia flourishing in the second century B.C., reference the others being the catholic encyclopedia Pharisees and the Sadducees.
Edward Oldcorne, Blessed - Englishman, Jesuit priest, martyred in 1606. Biography.
Elias of Jerusalem - Died 518; one of the two Catholic bishops (with Flavian of Antioch) who resisted the attempt of the Emperor Anastasius I (491-518) to abolish the Council of Chalcedon (451).
Ezzo - A priest of Bamberg in the eleventh century, reference author of a famous poem known as the reference "Song of the Miracles of Christ".
Examination - A process prescribed or assigned for testing qualification; an investigation, reference inquiry.
Eucharist, Real Presence of Christ in - Article considers: the fact of the Real Presence; e the several reference allied dogmas grouped about it; and e the speculations of reason, reference so far as speculative e investigation regarding the august mystery under reference its various e aspects is permissible, and so far as it reference e is de
Escorial, The - A building in Spain situated on the south-eastern reference slope of e the Sierra Guadarrama about twenty-seven miles reference north-west of Madrid. Its e proper title is El reference Real Monasterio de San Lorenzo del e Escorial , reference Escorial being the name of a small town e reference in the vicinity.
Escobar y Mendoza, Antonio - Preacher and writer, born at Valladolid in 1589; reference died there, catholic encyclopedia 4 July, 1669.
Eusebius of Nicomedia - Bishop, place and date of birth unknown; d. catholic encyclopedia 341. catholic encyclopedia He was a pupil at Antioch of catholic encyclopedia Lucian the catholic encyclopedia Martyr, in whose famous school he catholic encyclopedia learned his Arian catholic encyclopedia doctrines.
Ephesus, Robber Council of - The Acts of the first session of this reference synod were e read at the Council of Chalcedon, reference 451, and have thus e been preserved. The remainder reference of the Acts are known only e through a reference Syriac translation by a Monophysite monk, published from e reference the British Museum MS. Addit.
Esau - The eldest son of Isaac and Rebecca, the twin-brother of Jacob.
Expeditors, Apostolic - Officials who attend to the sending of Bulls, reference Briefs, and reference Rescripts, that emanate from the Apostolic reference Chancery, the Dataria, the reference Sacred Paenitentiaria, and the reference Secretariate of Briefs.
Eisengrein, Martin - Catholic theologian and polemical writer, born of Protestant parents at catholic encyclopedia Stuttgart, 28 December, 1535; died at Ingolstadt, 4 May, 1578.
Eucherius, Saint - Bishop of Lyons, theologian, d. about 449.
Education of the Deaf - History, aids, and alphabets are discussed.
Evangeliaria - Liturgical books containing those portions of the Gospels reference which are reference read during Mass or in the reference public offices of the reference Church.
Espen, Zeger Bernhard van - Belgian canonist, born at Louvain, 9 July, 1646; e died at Amersfoort, Netherlands, 2 Oct., 1728.
Epicureanism - In its popular sense, the word stands for reference a refined catholic encyclopedia and calculating selfishness, seeking not power reference or fame, but the catholic encyclopedia pleasures of sense, particularly reference of the palate, and those in catholic encyclopedia company rather reference than solitude.
Encina, Juan de la - Biographical article commenting on his musical and writing abilities and his priestly positions.
Exemption - The whole or partial release of an ecclesiastical catholic encyclopedia person, corporation, or institution from the authority of catholic encyclopedia the ecclesiastical superior next higher in rank, and catholic encyclopedia the placing of the person or body thus catholic encyclopedia released under the control of the authority next catholic encyclopedia above
Elizabeth of Portugal, Saint - Queen, also known as St. Isabel, d. 1336.
Eligius, Saint - Or Eloi. Bishop of Noyon-Tournai, founded several monasteries, e d. 660.
Expectation of the Blessed Virgin Mary - Celebrated on 18 December by nearly the entire e Latin Church. Owing to the ancient law of e the Church prohibiting the celebration of feasts during e Lent (a law still in vigour at Milan), e the Spanish Church transferred the feast of the e Annunciation from 25 Ma
Exorcism - Exorcism is (1) the act of driving out, e or warding reference off, demons, or evil spirits, from e persons, places, or things, reference which are believed to e be possessed or infested by them, reference or are e liable to become victims or instruments of their reference e malice; (2) the means employe
Eustace, Saint - Companion of St. Columbanus and second abbot of reference Luxeuil, d. catholic encyclopedia 625.
Eleutheropolis - A titular see in Palaestina Prima.
Etheldreda, Saint - Queen of Northumbria, twice married for reasons of reference state, d. e 679. Biography.
Eckhart, Meister - Biographical article on the Dominican theologian and mystic. catholic encyclopedia Includes bibliography.
Elder, George - Educator, b. 11 August, 1793, in Kentucky, U.S.A.; reference d. 28 reference Sept., 1838, at Bardstown.
Egfrid - King of Northumbria, b. 650; d. 685.
Encyclical - According to its etymology, an encyclical is nothing catholic encyclopedia more e than a circular letter. In modern times, catholic encyclopedia usage has e confined the term almost exclusively to catholic encyclopedia certain papal documents e which differ in their technical catholic encyclopedia form from the ordinary e style of either Bulls catholic encyclopedia or Br
Eata, Saint - Second bishop of Hexham, d. 686.
Erie - Diocese established 1853.
Eberhard of Ratisbon - A German chronicler about the beginning of the e fourteenth century.
Encratites - Literally, "abstainers" or "persons who practised continency", because they refrained from the use of wine, animal food, and marriage.
Edward the Confessor, Saint - Short biography of the King of England, who e died in 1066.
Euthymius, Saint - Called "the Great," abbot in Palestine, d. 473.
Enciso, Diego Ximenez de - Dramatic poet, b. in Andalusia, Spain, c. 1585; reference date of catholic encyclopedia death unknown.
Emmeram, Saint - Late seventh-century missionary to Bavaria, where he was catholic encyclopedia martyred.
Eclecticism - A philosophical term meaning either a tendency of mind in a thinker to conciliate the different views or positions taken in regard to problems, or a system in philosophy which seeks the solution of its fundamental problems by selecting and uniting what it
Examination of Conscience - By this term is understood a review of e one\\'s past thoughts, words and actions for the e purpose of ascertaining their conformity with, or difformity e from, the moral law.
Epiphanius - A translator of various Greek works in the reference middle of the sixth century of the Christian reference Era.
England (After 1558) - Article on the relation of the post-Reformation Catholic catholic encyclopedia church reference to the English state.
Ember Days - The days at the beginning of the seasons ordered by the Church as days of fast and abstinence.
Euphrosyne, Saint - According to the Vitae Patrum, passed as a catholic encyclopedia man and lived in a men\\'s monastery for catholic encyclopedia 38 years. She died in about 470.
Elbel, Benjamin - Bavarian moral theologian. (1690-1756)
Edmund, Congregation of Saint - Founded in 1843, by Jean-Baptiste Muard, at Pontigny, France, for reference the work of popular missions.
Eyck, Hubert and Jan van - Brothers, Flemish illuminators and painters, founders of the school of e Bruges and consequently of all the schools of painting in e the North of Europe.
Extreme Unction - A sacrament to give spiritual aid and comfort and perfect e spiritual health, including, if need be, the remission of sins, e and also, conditionally, to restore bodily health, to Christians who e are seriously ill.
Edmund Ignatius Rice, Blessed - Biographical article on the founder of the Institute e of the catholic encyclopedia Brothers of the Christian Schools (better e known as the Irish catholic encyclopedia Christian Brothers).
Emanationism - The doctrine that emanation (Lat. emanare, "to flow from") is the mode by which all things are derived from the First Reality, or Principle.
Extension - Philosophical term. From Lat. ex-tendere, to spread out.
Edward the Martyr, Saint - King of England, assassinated at the age of 16 or 17 at the behest of his stepmother. St. Edward was murdered in 979.
Exedra - A semicircular stone or marble seat; a rectangular or semicircular recess; the portico of the Grecian palæstra, or gymnasium, in which disputations of the learned were held among the ancients; also, in private houses, the parastas, or vestibule, used for
Epiphanius of Salamis, Saint - Biographical article on the fourth-century monk and bishop.
Evagrius - Church historian. (536-594)
Ebbo - Archbishop of Reims, b. towards the end of the eighth e century; d. 20 March, 851.
Ebionites - Two varieties: the earlier group called Ebionites denied the divinity of Christ; the later Ebionites were a Gnostic sect who believed that matter was eternal and was God's body.
Elusa - A titular see of Palaestina Tertia, suffragan of e Petra.
Elect - Denotes in general one chosen or taken by catholic encyclopedia preference from among two or more; as a catholic encyclopedia theological term it is equivalent to "chosen as catholic encyclopedia the object of mercy or Divine favour, as catholic encyclopedia set apart for eternal life".
Elizabeth Associations - Charitable associations of women in Germany which aim catholic encyclopedia for reference the love of Christ to minister to catholic encyclopedia the bodily reference and spiritual sufferings of the sick catholic encyclopedia poor and of reference neglected children.
Engel, Ludwig - Canonist, b. at Castle Wagrein, Austria; d. at Grillenberg, 22 April 1694.
Examiners, Synodal - The chief purpose of synodal examiners is to conduct competitive reference examinations or concursus though they may be designated to hold reference of other examinations.
Engelbrechtsen, Cornelis - Dutch painter, b. at Leyden, 1468; d. there catholic encyclopedia 1533; is believed to have been identical with catholic encyclopedia a certain Cornelis de Hollandere who was a catholic encyclopedia member of the Guild of St. Luke at catholic encyclopedia Antwerp in 1492.
Eve of a Feast - In the first ages, during the night before every feast, a vigil was kept. In the evening the faithful assembled in the place or church where the feast was to be celebrated and prepared themselves by prayers, readings from Holy Writ (now the Offices of Ves
Extravagantes - This word is employed to designate some papal e decretals not catholic encyclopedia contained in certain canonical collections which e possess a special authority, catholic encyclopedia i.e. they are not e found in the Decree of Gratian catholic encyclopedia or the e three official collections of the "Corpus Juris".
Eunomianism - A phase of extreme Arianism prevalent amongst a section of Eastern churchmen from about 350 until 381; as a sect it is not heard of after the middle of the fifth century.
Egoism - Synopsis of this ethical system, and short refutation.
Edgeworth, Henry Essex - Confessor of Louis XVI, and vicar-general of the Diocese of Paris at the height of the French Revolution. (1745-1807)
Erthal, Friedrich Karl Joseph, Freiherr von - Last Elector and Archbishop of Mainz, b. 3 Jan., 1719, at Mainz; d. 25 July, 1802, at Aschaffenburg.
Ely - Ancient diocese in England.
Ethiopia - Includes geography, history, and religion.
Eudists - An ecclesiastical society instituted at Caen, France, 25 e March, 1643, by Jean Eudes.
Excommunication - Exclusion from the communion, the principal and severest catholic encyclopedia censure, catholic encyclopedia is a medicinal, spiritual penalty that deprives catholic encyclopedia the guilty catholic encyclopedia Christian of all participation in the catholic encyclopedia common blessings of catholic encyclopedia ecclesiastical society.
Eutropius of Valencia - Spanish bishop; d. about 610.
Erythrae - A titular see in Asia Minor. According to legend the e city was founded by colonists from Crete.
Ebendorfer, Thomas - German chronicler, professor, and statesman, b. 12 August, 1385, at Haselbach, in Upper Austria; d. at Vienna, 8 Jan., 1464.
Easter - Includes information on the feast and customs.
Emmeram, Saint, Abbey of - A Benedictine monastery at Ratisbon (Regensburg), named after its traditional reference founder, the patron saint of the city.
Eusebius of Alexandria - Ecclesiastical writer and author of a number of e homilies well known in the sixth and seventh e centuries.
Eusebius, Saint - Bishop of Vercelli, exiled for defending St. Athanasius, reference anti-Arian, martyr, reference d. 371.
Endowment - A property, fund, or revenue permanently appropriated for the support e of any person, institution, or object, as a student, professorship, e school, hospital.
Ephesus, Council of - The third ecumenical council, held in 431.
Edmund Arrowsmith, Saint - English Jesuit and martyr, d. 1628. Short biography.
Euchologion - The name of one of the chief Service books of e the Byzantine Church. It corresponds more or less to the e Missal and Ritual.
Erastus and Erastianism - The name "Erastianism" is often used in a somewhat loose catholic encyclopedia sense as denoting an undue subservience of the Church to catholic encyclopedia the State.
Epact - The surplus days of the solar over the lunar year; hence, more freely, the number of days in the age of the moon on 1 January of any given year. The whole system of epacts is based on the Metonic Lunar Cycle, and serves to indicate the days of the year on
Epiphania - A titular see in Cilicia Secunda, in Asia e Minor, suffragan reference of Anazarbus.
Eustachius and Companions, Saints - Second-century Roman martyrs.
Etschmiadzin - An Armenian monastery, since 1441 the ecclesiastical capital of the e schismatic Armenians, and seat of their patriarch or catholicos, whom e the greater part of the Non-Uniat Armenian Church acknowledge as e their head.
Evaristus, Pope Saint - Sometimes called Aristus. Martyr, died about 107.
Essence and Existence - Essence, described as that whereby a thing is catholic encyclopedia what e it is. Existence is that whereby the catholic encyclopedia essence is e an actuality in the line of catholic encyclopedia being.
Euroea - A titular see of Epirus Vetus in Greece, e suffragan of Nicopolis.
Exarch - A title used in various senses both civilly and ecclesiastically.
Eugenius of Carthage, Saint - Unanimously elected bishop of Carthage, exiled for a time for speaking out against the Arians, died 505.
Eleutherius, Saint - First Bishop of Tournai, early sixth century.
Eucharist, Introduction to the - The name given to the Blessed Sacrament of the Altar reference its twofold aspect of sacrament and Sacrifice of Mass, and reference in which Jesus Christ is truly present under the bread reference and wine.
Eucharistic Congresses - Gatherings of ecclesiastics and laymen for the purpose reference of celebrating and glorifying the Holy Eucharist and reference of seeking the best means to spread its reference knowledge and love throughout the world.
Estiennot de la Serre, Claude - Benedictine. (1639-1699)
Edwy - King of the English, eldest son of Edmund e and St. e Aelfgifu, born about 940; died 959.
Ethelwold, Saint - Bishop of Winchester, called "father of monks," d. 984.
Educational Association, The Catholic - A voluntary organization composed of Catholic educators and reference other persons who have an interest in the reference welfare of Catholic education in the United States.
Ephesians, Epistle to the - The letter which, in the manuscripts containing the catholic encyclopedia Epistles of St. Paul, bears the title "To catholic encyclopedia the Ephesians" comprises two parts distinctly separated by catholic encyclopedia a doxology (Eph., iii, 20 sq.).
Edward III - Detailed biographical article on the King of England.
Eguiara y Eguren, Juan José - Mexican scholar. (d. 1763)
Eleutherius (Eleutheros), Pope Saint - Native of Nicopolis, served as deacon in the reference Roman Church, e d. about 189.
Eithne, Saint - Irish princess, converted to Christianity by St. Patrick, died immediately catholic encyclopedia after receiving her First Communion (433).
Eckebert - Abbot of Schönau, born in the early part of the catholic encyclopedia twelfth century.
Echter von Mespelbrunn, Julius - Prince-Bishop of Würzburg, b. 18 March, 1545, in the Castle catholic encyclopedia of Mespelbrunn, Spessart (Bavaria); d. 13 Sept., 1617, at Würzburg.
Eusebius, Chronicle of - Consists of two parts: the first was probably reference called by Eusebius the "Chronograph" or "Chronographies"; the reference second he terms the "Canon", or "Canons", and reference also the "Chronological Canons".
Elcesaites - A sect of Gnostic Ebionites.
Estaing, Comte d' - French admiral, b. at the chateau de Ravel (Auvergne), 28 reference November, 1729; d. at Paris, 28 April, 1794.
Epistle (in Scripture) - The Old Testament exhibits two periods in its e idea of reference an epistle: first, it presents the e epistle under the general reference concept of a book e or a writing; secondly, it regards reference the epistle e as a distinct literary form. The New Testament reference e presents a very highly devel
Eusebius, Pope Saint - Reigned for only four months, in 309 or 310, was catholic encyclopedia deported, died in exile, is counted as a martyr.
English Literature - Latin, French, Italian, Greek, and Spanish literatures are reference a few catholic encyclopedia of the influences.
Einsiedeln, Abbey of - A Benedictine monastery in the Canton of Schwyz, e Switzerland, dedicated reference to Our Lady of the Hermits.
Echinus - A titular see of Thessaly, Greece.
Espence, Claude D' - French theologian, born in 1511 at Châlons-sur-Marne; died reference 5 Oct., 1571, at Paris.
Erwin of Steinbach - One of the architects of the Strasburg cathedral, e date of birth unknown; d. at Strasburg, 17 e January, 1318.
Eucarpia - A titular see of Phrygia Salutaris in Asia reference Minor.
Europus - A titular see in Provincis Euphratensis, suffragan of catholic encyclopedia Hierapolis.
Epiphany - The feast was called among the Syrians denho reference (up-going), a e name to be connected with the reference notion of rising light e expressed in Luke. I, reference 78.
Euphrasia (Eupraxia), Saint - A desert mother, died after 410.
Ermland - A district of East Prussia and an exempt bishopric. St. catholic encyclopedia Adalbert of Prague (d. 997) and St. Bruno of Querfurt catholic encyclopedia (d. 1009) converted the early inhabitants of this region, the catholic encyclopedia heathen Prussians, to Christianity and two centuries later Teutonic Knights catholic encyclopedia and mem
England, John - First Bishop of Charleston, S.C. (1786-1842)
Eccleston, Samuel - Fifth Archbishop of Baltimore, U.S.A. (1801-1851)
Ennodius, Magnus Felix - Rhetorician and bishop, b. probably at Arles, in Southern Gaul, in 474; d. at Pavia, Italy, 17 July, 521.
Errington, William - Priest, founder of Sedgley Park School, b. 17 reference July, 1716; catholic encyclopedia d. 28 September, 1768.
Ebner - The name of two German mystics.
Ernulf - Architect, b. at Beauvais, France, in 1040; d. e 1124.
Ernakulam, Vicariate Apostolic of - In May, 1887, the churches of Syrian Rite catholic encyclopedia in Malabar were separated from those of the catholic encyclopedia Latin Rite and formed into the Vicariates of catholic encyclopedia Trichur and Kottayam under European prelates. In response, catholic encyclopedia however, to the petitions of the Syrian Catholics catholic encyclopedia desirous of obt
Erskine, Charles - Cardinal, b. at Rome, 13 Feb., 1739; d. at Paris, e 20 March, 1811.
Eustochium Julia, Saint - Daughter of St. Paula. Monastic, spoke Latin and Greek, read Hebrew, the recipient of a famous letter from St. Jerome. She died in 419 or 420.
Ekkehard - Name of five monks of the (Swiss) Abbey catholic encyclopedia of catholic encyclopedia St. Gall from the tenth to the catholic encyclopedia thirteenth century.
Eustace, Maurice - His own father had him arrested for secretly reference taking Holy reference Orders, and Maurice\\'s brother accused him reference of treason. Martyred at reference Dublin in 1581.
Edward Ambrose Barlow, Saint - Short biography of the Benedictine priest, martyred at catholic encyclopedia Lancaster in 1641.
Eichstätt - Diocese in Bavaria, north of the Danube, and suffragan to catholic encyclopedia Bamberg.
Elizabeth Ann Seton, Saint - Biography of the founder of the Sisters of Charity in catholic encyclopedia the United States.
Eugene I, Pope Saint - Made bishop of Rome after Pope St. Martin I had e been in exile for 14 months. Eugene died in 657.
Elias - Old Testament prophet.
Elishé - Armenian historian of the fifth century, place and date of e birth unknown, d. 480.
Elohim - The common name for God.
Egyptian Church Ordinance - An early Christian collection of thirty-one canons regulating e ordinations, the e liturgy, and other main features of e church life.
Elphege, Saint - Also called Alphege or Godwine. Hermit, abbot, Archbishop reference of Canterbury, reference martyred in 1012. Biographical article.
Eustace White, Saint - English convert to Catholicism, priest, missionary to his native land, e martyred in 1591. Short biography.
Eulogia - The term has been applied in ecclesiastical usage reference to the reference object blessed. It was occasionally used reference in early times to reference signify the Holy Eucharist, reference and in this sense is especially reference frequent in reference the writings of St. Cyril of Alexandria.
Erdington Abbey - Situated in a suburb of Birmingham, Warwickshire, England, belongs to reference the Benedictine congregation of St. Martin of Beuron, Germany, and reference is dedicated to St. Thomas of Canterbury.
Eleazar - Includes information on three uses of this name.
Eusebius of Cæsarea - Biographical article on the "Father of Church History."
Eckart, Anselm - Missionary, born at Bingen, Germany, 4 August, 1721; died at e the College of Polstok, Polish Russia, 29 June, 1809.
Eve - First woman; wife of Adam.
Elba - The largest island of the Tuscan Archipelago.
Eckhel, Joseph Hilarius - German numismatist. (1737-1798)
Eusebius Bruno - Bishop of Angers, b. in the early part of the eleventh century; d. at Angers, 29 August, 1081.
Edinburgh - Derives its name from the time (about A.D. e 620) when reference the fortress of Edwin\\'s burgh was e raised on a lofty reference spur of the Pentland e Hills, overlooking the Firth of Forth, reference and established e the Anglian dominion in the northern part of reference e the Northumbrian Kingdom.
Eustathius, Saint - Anti-Arian bishop of Antioch, died in exile, probably in 360.
Eastern Churches - Eastern Churches depended originally on the Eastern Empire e at Constantinople.
Eutychius I - Patriarch of Constantinople, b. about 512, in Phrygia; e d. Easter Day, 5 April, 582.
Eymeric, Nicolas - Theologian and inquisitor, born at Gerona, in Catalonia, Spain, c. catholic encyclopedia 1320; died there 4 January, 1399.
Ems, Congress of - A meeting of the representatives of the German Archbishops Friedrich Karl von Erthal of Mainz, Maximilian Franz of Cologne, Clemens Wenceslaus of Trier, and Hieronymus von Colloredo of Salzburg, at the little town of Bad-Ems, near Coblenz, in August, 1786
Eucharist, as a Sacrament - Since Christ is present under the appearances of reference bread and wine in a sacramental way, the reference Blessed Eucharist is unquestionably a sacrament of the reference Church.
Embolism - An insertion, addition, interpretation. The word has two reference specific uses in the language of the Church; reference in the prayer and in the calendar.
Eugene IV, Pope - Gabriello Condulmaro, or Condulmerio, b. at Venice, 1388; reference elected 4 March, 1431; d. at Rome, 23 reference Feb., 1447.
Eulalia of Barcelona, Saint - Martyred 12 February, 304, patron saint of sailors.
Easton, Adam - Cardinal, born at Easton in Norfolk; died at Rome, 15 e September (according to others, 20 October), 1397.
Eriugena, John Scotus - Article by William Turner recounts this scholar\\'s life and influence, catholic encyclopedia and evaluates his teachings.
Embroidery - In Christian worship embroidery was used from early times to ornament vestments.
Exegesis, Biblical - The branch of theology which investigates and expresses catholic encyclopedia the catholic encyclopedia true sense of Sacred Scripture.
Eanbald I - The first Archbishop of York by that name.
Engelbert of Cologne, Saint - Went from excommunicated worldly soldier to martyred archbishop. He was reference killed by his cousin in 1225.
Echternach, Abbey of - A Benedictine monastery in the town of that catholic encyclopedia name, in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and catholic encyclopedia the Diocese of Trier.

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