Catholic Encyclopedia Reference Catholicism Denominations

One of the so-called antilegomena; but, although its canonicity has been questioned in several Churches, its genuineness has never been denied.

• Jacob of Jüterbogk - Theologian and canonist, born of poor parents near reference Jüterbogk, Brandenburg, reference Germany, 1381; died at Erfurt in reference 1465.
• Joliette - Diocese created by Pius X, 27 January, 1904 by division catholic encyclopedia of the Archdiocese of Montreal; comprises three counties, Joliette, Berthier, catholic encyclopedia and Montcalm, with four parishes of L'Assomption County.
• Jubilee, Holy Year of - Background information relating to the Jubilee.
• Jerome Emiliani, Saint - Soldier, priest, founder of the Order of Somascha, j d. 1537.
• John III, Pope - A Roman surnamed Catelinus, d. 13 July, 574.
• Jews, History of the - Of the two terms, Jews and Judaism, the former denotes j usually the Israelites or descendants of Jacob (Israel) in contrast j to Gentile races; the latter, the creed and worship of j the Jews in contrast to Christianity and others.
• Jumièges, Abbey of - Founded in 634 by St. Philibert, who had j been the catholic encyclopedia companion of Sts. Ouen and Wandrille j at the Merovingian court.
• John Bodey, Blessed - Short biography of the English layman and martyr, j who died reference in 1583.
• James Duckett, Blessed - Convert to Catholicism, publisher and bookseller, martyred in catholic encyclopedia 1601.
• Jonas of Orléans - Bishop and ecclesiastical writer, born in Aquitaine; died in 843 or 844.
• Jassus - A titular see of Caria, and suffragan of Aphrodisias.
• Jaricot, Pauline-Marie - Foundress of the Society of the Propagation of j the Faith and the Association of the Living j Rosary, born at Lyons, 22 July, 1799; died j there, 9 January, 1862.
• Julian the Apostate - Roman emperor 361-63, b. at Constantinople in 331, catholic encyclopedia d. 26 June, 363, son of Julius Constantius, catholic encyclopedia the half-brother of Constantine the Great.
• John Larke, Blessed - Parish priest and friend of St. Thomas More. catholic encyclopedia Martyred reference at Tyburn in 1543/4, along with another catholic encyclopedia priest (Bl. reference John Ireland) and the layman Bl. catholic encyclopedia German Gardiner.
• John the Deacon - Article about four historians of the Middle Ages who bear this name.
• John Climacus, Saint - Sometimes called Scholasticus or the Sinaita. Article on the sixth-century Syrian abbot of Mt. Sinai. He is called "Climacus" because he wrote the spiritual classic "The Ladder of Divine Ascent," "Klimax" being the Greek for
• Joseph II - German Emperor (reigned 1765-90), of the House of Hapsburg-Lorraine, son j and successor of Maria Theresa and Francis I.
• Jerome, Saint - Lengthy article on the life and works of reference St. Jerome.
• John Thulis, Blessed - Lancashire priest and martyr, converted some of his fellow prisoners. Was executed together with Roger Wrenno in 1615 or 1616.
• Jeaurat, Edmond - French engraver, b. at Vermenton, near Auxerre, 1688; j d. at reference Paris, 1738.
• Joseph Oriol, Saint - Earned a doctorate in theology, served as a catholic encyclopedia parish reference priest, renowned for gifts of prophecy and catholic encyclopedia miracles. St. reference Joseph died in 1702.
• John the Baptist, Saint - Lengthy article on the Precursor.
• Jerusalem (71-1099) - History in several periods to the first crusade.
• John Kemble, Saint - Biography of the priest and martyr, who died in 1679.
• John Forest, Blessed - English Franciscan, served as confessor to Queen Catherine, reference was burned at the stake at Smithfield in reference 1538.
• John XIX (XX), Pope - Enthroned in 1024; d. 1032.
• James of the Marches, Saint - Surnamed Gangala, civil lawyer, Franciscan priest, d. 1476.
• John of Avila, Saint - Priest, preacher, author, d. 1569.
• Judith, Book of - The book exists in distinct Greek and Latin catholic encyclopedia versions, of which the former contains at least catholic encyclopedia eighty-four verses more than the later.
• Janauschek, Leopold - Cistercian, born at Brünn, Moravia, 13 October, 1827; j died 23 j July, 1898, at Baden, near Vienna.
• Josue (Joshua) - The name of eight persons in the Old j Testament, and catholic encyclopedia of one of the Sacred Books.
• Johnson, Lionel Pigot - Born at Broadstairs on the Kentish coast, 15 Mar., 1867; died 4 Oct., 1902.
• John XXIII - Antipope. (1370-1419)
• James Thompson, Blessed - Also called James Hudson. Priest who was imprisoned and then catholic encyclopedia martyred at York in 1582.
• Judas Iscariot - The Apostle who betrayed Jesus.
• Jocelin of Wells - Bishop of Bath and Wells, d. 19 Nov., j 1242.
• Joseph Calasanctius, Saint - Priest, founder of the Piarists, d. 1648.
• Jordan, The - Formed at a point about five and a half miles reference below Banias, by the junction of three streams, the Jordan reference enters Lake Hûleh about nine and a third miles lower reference down.
• Judde, Claude - French preacher and spiritual father; born at Rouen, j about 20 December, 1661; died at Paris, 11 j March, 1735.
• Jarcke, Karl Ernst - Born 10 November, 1801, at Danzig, Prussia; died catholic encyclopedia 27 December, 1852, at Vienna. He belonged to catholic encyclopedia a Protestant merchant family. He took up the catholic encyclopedia study of jurisprudence, and became at an early catholic encyclopedia age professor of criminal law at Bonn and catholic encyclopedia later in Berlin.
• Juste - The name conventionally applied to a family of catholic encyclopedia Italian j sculptors, whose real name was Betti, originally catholic encyclopedia from San j Martino a Mensola, near Florence.
• Jesuits, Distinguished - A list without details of the Jesuits. Does reference include links j to articles when there is one reference about the person.
• Jehoshaphat - Fourth King of Juda after the schism of catholic encyclopedia the catholic encyclopedia Ten Tribes.
• Junípero Serra, Blessed - Biography of the famed Franciscan priest, missionary to Mexico and California, who died in 1784.
• Jovellanos, Gaspar Melchor de - Spanish statesman and man of letters, at Gijon, Asturias, 5 Jan., 1744, d. at Puerto de Vega on the borders of Asturias, 27 Nov., 1811.
• Joseph Lambton, Blessed - Yorkshire man, a priest, martyred at Newcastle-on-Tyne in j 1592.
• John of Ephesus - Syriac historian, born at Amida (Diarbekir, on the reference upper Tigris), reference about 505; d. about 585.
• John Almond, Saint - Biographical sketch of the martyr.
• Jaenbert - Thirteenth Archbishop of Canterbury; died at Canterbury 11 reference or 12 catholic encyclopedia August, 791.
• John, Epistles of - Three canonical books of the New Testament written catholic encyclopedia by catholic encyclopedia the Apostle St. John.
• John Scholasticus - Patriarch of Constantinople, the author of an important collection of reference ecclesiastical laws; b. at Sirimis near Antioch; d. 577.
• Jeroboam - Name of two Israelitish kings.
• John Stone, Saint - English Augustinian friar, martyred probably in 1539.
• John of Paris - Theologian and controversialist; born at Paris, date unknown; died at reference Bordeaux, 22 September, 1306.
• Jews (as a Religion) - Judaism designates the religious communion which survived the destruction of the Jewish nation by the Assyrians and the Babylonians.
• Janow, Matthew of - A medieval ecclesiastical author, born in the fourteenth century in Bohemia; died at Prague, 30 Nov., 1394.
• James Primadicci - Born at Bologna; died in the same city in 1460.
• John XII, Pope - Date of birth unknown; reigned 955-64.
• Joest, Jan - Dutch painter, b. at Calcker, or Calcar, about 1460; d. at Haarlem in 1519.
• John XXI (XX), Pope - Born at Lisbon between 1210 and 1220; enthroned, 1276; died catholic encyclopedia at Viterbo, 20 May, 1277.
• Jehovah - Proper name of God in the Old Testament.
• Judgment, Divine - Divine judgment (judicium divinum), as an immanent act catholic encyclopedia of reference God, denotes the action of God\\'s retributive catholic encyclopedia justice by reference which the destiny of rational creatures catholic encyclopedia is decided according reference to their merits and demerits.
• John IV, Pope - A native of Dalmatia, and the son of catholic encyclopedia the catholic encyclopedia scholasticus (advocate) Venantius.
• John Finch, Blessed - A layman, raised Protestant. As a young man he converted j to Catholicism, married, served as a catechist, and made his j home a center of missionary activity. Captured, he was tortured j and imprisoned for three years before being martyred in 1584.
• Julian of Eclanum - Born about 386; died in Sicily, 454; the catholic encyclopedia most j learned among the leaders of the Pelagian catholic encyclopedia movement and j Bishop of Eclanum near Beneventum.
• Josephites - A congregation devoted to the Christian education of youth, founded catholic encyclopedia in the Diocese of Ghent (Belgium) by Canon van Crombrugghe, catholic encyclopedia in 1817.
• John VI, Pope - A Greek, the date of whose birth is unknown; d. 11 January, 705.
• Jesuit Generals Prior to the Suppression - Details of several who held the position.
• John Capistran, Saint - Lawyer, governor, ambassador, became a Franciscan priest and catholic encyclopedia a renowned preacher, died in 1456.
• John of Salisbury - Article on the life and thought of this catholic encyclopedia medieval philosopher, by P. Coffey.
• John Sugar, Blessed - Also called John Suker. English priest, was martyred catholic encyclopedia on the same day as a layman, the catholic encyclopedia Bl. Robert Grissold, in 1604 after spending a catholic encyclopedia year in prison.
• John of Cornwall - Lived about 1176. Author of a treatise written reference against the reference doctrine of Abelard.
• Jamay, Denis - Franciscan, missionary, date and place of birth unknown; j died in reference France, 1625; an important figure in j the early history of reference the Church in Canada.
• Julian and Basilissa, Saints - Husband and wife, of whom little is known j except that catholic encyclopedia he was martyred in the Diocletian j persecution. According to later catholic encyclopedia legend, Basilissa was the j founder of a monastery.
• Jerusalem, Liturgy of - The Rite of Jerusalem is that of Antioch.
• John Colombini, Blessed - Sienese husband and father whose life was transformed j by reading the life of St. Mary of j Egypt. Founder of the Jesuati. He died j in 1367.
• Joanna of Portugal, Blessed - Princess, Dominican, d. 1490.
• John Southworth, Saint - English priest, missionary to his native land, imprisoned j several times, j once deported, finally martyred for the j crime of being a j priest. He was executed j at Tyburn, 28 June, 1654.
• Jeningen, Venerable Philipp - Born at Eichstätt, Bavaria, 5 January, 1642;d, at j Ellwangen, 8 reference February, 1704. Entering the Society of j Jesus, 19 January, 1663, reference he became a most j successful popular missionary at the shrine reference of Our j Lady of Schönenberg, near Ellwangen in Swabia.
• John of God, Saint - Portuguese shepherd, soldier, bookseller, finally found his niche catholic encyclopedia caring reference for the health of the poor in catholic encyclopedia Granada, became reference de facto founder of a religious catholic encyclopedia order, d. 1550.
• Joan, Popess - The fable about a female pope, who afterwards bore the name of Johanna (Joan), is first noticed in the middle of the thirteenth century.
• Judea - It designates the part of Palestine adjacent to catholic encyclopedia Jerusalem and inhabited by the Jewish community after catholic encyclopedia their return from captivity.
• Japan - Called in the language of the country Nihon or Nippon j (Land of the Rising Sun), and Dai Nihon or Dai j Nippon (Great Japan), situated north-west of the Pacific Ocean and j east of the Asiatic continent.
• Janner, Ferdinand - Theologian, born at Hirschau, in the Upper Palatinate reference (Bavaria), 4 Feb., 1836; died 1 November, 1895.
• John Rochester, Blessed - Brief biography of this English Carthusian priest and martyr, d. j 1537.
• Joinville, Jean, Sire de - Seneschal of Champagne, historian, b in 1225; d. j at Joinville, reference 1317.
• John XVII (XVIII), Pope - Date of birth unknown; d. 6 Nov., 1003.
• James of Edessa - A celebrated Syrian writer, b. most likely in A.D. 633; reference d. 5 June, 708.
• Juan Bautista de Toledo - An eminent Spanish sculptor and architect; b. at Madrid (date not known); d. there 19 May, 1567.
• John Woodcock, Blessed - Brief biography of the English Franciscan martyr, who died in j 1646.
• James the Greater, Saint - What can be known of St. James, son of Zebedee and brother of John, from Scripture. Also discusses the tradition that St. James preached in Spain and that his body was translated to Compostela.
• Judaizers - A party of Jewish Christians in the Early Church, who catholic encyclopedia either held that circumcision and the observance of the Mosaic catholic encyclopedia Law were necessary for salvation and in consequence wished to catholic encyclopedia impose them on the Gentile converts, or who at least catholic encyclopedia considered them as stil
• John Nelson, Blessed - Jesuit priest, martyred at Tyburn in 1577/8.
• Jesus Christ, Early Historical Documents on - Divided into three classes: pagan sources, Jewish sources, reference and Christian j sources.
• Jungmann, Bernard - A dogmatic theologian and ecclesiastical historian, born at j Münster in j Westphalia, 1 March, 1833; died at j Louvain, 12 Jan., 1895.
• Jovius, Paulus - Historian, b. at Como, Italy, 9 April, 1483, reference d. at catholic encyclopedia Florence, 11 Dec., 1552.
• John of Fermo, Blessed - Also known as John of La Verna. Franciscan, catholic encyclopedia a friend of Jacopone of Todi. John catholic encyclopedia died in 1322.
• John Pibush, Blessed - English priest and missionary to his native land, imprisoned for catholic encyclopedia more than six years, on trial twice for the crime catholic encyclopedia of being a priest, martyred at Waterings in 1600/1.
• John VII, Pope - Reigned 705-707.
• Joseph Anchieta, Blessed - Short biography of this famous Jesuit missionary to Brazil.
• John of Montecorvino - A Franciscan and founder of the Catholic mission in China, catholic encyclopedia b. at Montecorvino in Southern Italy, in 1246; d. at catholic encyclopedia Peking, in 1328.
• Juliana, Saint - Martyred in the Diocletian persecution. The oldest reference notice says catholic encyclopedia that she died near Naples; the reference notion that she lived catholic encyclopedia in Nicomedia is strictly reference legendary.
• John Roberts, Saint - A Welsh Benedictine, the first prior of Downside, catholic encyclopedia was arrested six times, exiled four times, and catholic encyclopedia finally martyred at Tyburn in 1610.
• Jouffroy, Jean de - French prelate and statesman; b. at Luxeuil (Franche-Comté) reference about 1412; reference d. at the priory of Rulli, reference in the Diocese of reference Bourges, 24 November, 1473.
• John of Winterthur - Historian, born about 1300 atWinterthur (Switzerland); died subsequently catholic encyclopedia to 1348, probably at Zurich.
• Jaca, Diocese of - Located in the Spanish province of Huesca. Jaca, the chief town of the mountain district of Sobrarbe.
• Joseph of Issachar - A man of the tribe of Issachar, and reference the father of Igal who was one of reference the spies sent by Moses to traverse Chanaan reference and report on the country (Numbers 13:8).
• Jarric, Pierre de - Missionary writer, born at Toulouse in 1566; d. reference at Saintes, catholic encyclopedia 2 March, 1617.
• John Hambley, Blessed - More than once this priest offered to conform reference to the state-mandated religion, but at last he reference died a martyr.
• John of Hauteville - Moralist and satirical poet of the twelfth century reference (flourished about 1184).
• Jericho - Three cities of this name have successively occupied sites in j the same neighbourhood.
• John the Evangelist, Saint - Brother of James and son of Zebedee.
• Jonathan - Name of several persons mentioned in the Old reference Testament.
• Jesus Christ - An index of articles on the subject.
• Jones, Inigo - A biography with references of the London-born architect who drew catholic encyclopedia his inspiration from the Classical forms of Italy.
• Juliana of Norwich, Blessed - Biographical article on this fourteenth-century English anchoress, mystic, author. By j Edmund Gardner.
• Jouvenet, Jean - French painter, b. at Rouen in 1644, d. catholic encyclopedia at catholic encyclopedia Paris, 5 April, 1717.
• Joseph's Society for Foreign Missions, Saint - A society of priests and laymen whose object reference is to j labour for the conversion of heathens reference in foreign countries.
• John Baptist de Rossi, Saint - Priest, canon, preacher, d. 1764.
• Janssen, Johann - Historian, born 10 April, 1829, at Kanten, Germany; died 24 December, 1891, at Frankfort-on-the-Main.
• Judica Sunday - Name given to the fifth Sunday of Lent, j and derived catholic encyclopedia from the first words of the j Introit of that day.
• John Malalas - A Monophysite Byzantine chronicler of the sixth century.
• John Fisher, Saint - Cardinal, Bishop of Rochester, martyr, d. 1535.
• Josephus, Flavius - Jewish historian, born A.D. 37, at Jerusalem; died catholic encyclopedia about 101.
• Jerusalem (Before A.D. 71) - This article deals with the destruction by the reference Romans after reference it had become the scene of reference the Redemption.
• Jorg, Joseph Edmund - Historian and politician, b. 23 Dec., 1819 at reference Immenstadt (Ahgau); reference d. at Landshut, 18 Nov., 1901.
• Jean Louis Bonnard, Saint - Short biography of the French missionary priest and j martyr, d. reference 1852.
• Jansen, Cornelius - Exegete, born at Hulst, Flanders, 1510; died at reference Ghent, 11 j April, 1576.
• John Cornelius and Companions, Blessed - Cornelius, born of Irish parents in Cornwall, studied catholic encyclopedia for reference the priesthood at Reims. For 10 years catholic encyclopedia he worked reference as a missionary in England till catholic encyclopedia he was martyred reference in 1594 for being a catholic encyclopedia Catholic priest, and three reference companions were also martyred catholic encyclopedia for aiding him.
• Jubilee, Year of (Hebrew) - According to the Pentateuchal legislation contained in Leviticus, a Jubilee catholic encyclopedia year is the year that follows immediately seven successive Sabbatic catholic encyclopedia years (the Sabbatic year being the seventh year of a catholic encyclopedia seven-year cycle).
• Juvenile Courts - Tribunals for the trial of children charged with catholic encyclopedia crimes catholic encyclopedia or offences.
• John Wall, Saint - Biography of the English Franciscan priest and missionary, martyred in 1679.
• Jerusalem, Latin Kingdom of (1099-1291) - Founded as a result of the First Crusade, catholic encyclopedia in catholic encyclopedia 1099. Destroyed a first time by Saladin catholic encyclopedia in 1187, catholic encyclopedia it was re-established around Saint-Jean d\\'Acre catholic encyclopedia and maintained until catholic encyclopedia the capture of that city catholic encyclopedia in 1291.
• John Houghton, Saint - Biography of the Carthusian martyr, who died in j 1535, and details on some of his companions j in martyrdom.
• Justinian I - Roman Emperor (527-65).
• Jeremias - Name of several Old Testament figures.
• Jacob - The son of Isaac and Rebecca, third great catholic encyclopedia patriarch of the chosen people, and the immediate catholic encyclopedia ancestor of the twelve tribes of Israel.
• John Baptist de la Salle, Saint - Essay on the founder of the Christian Brothers.
• John of Falkenberg - Author, b. at Falkenberg, Pomerania, Prussia, date unknown; d. about j 1418 in Italy.
• James of Brescia - Theologian of the fifteenth century.
• Joachim, Saint - According to apocryphal literature, the father of Mary.
• John Boste, Saint - Or John Boast. Priest, martyred at Durham in 1594. One of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.
• Jandel, Alexandre Vincent - General of the Dominican order, born at Gerbevilliers catholic encyclopedia (Lorraine), 18 July, 1810; died at Rome, 11 catholic encyclopedia December, 1872.
• Jean Eudes, Saint - French missionary, religious founder, writer, d. 1680.
• Juliana of Liège, Saint - Devoted to the Blessed Sacrament, lobbied for the institution of the feast of Corpus Christi, d. 1258.
• Jezabel - Wife of Achab, King of Israel.
• John V, Pope - A Syrian whose father was one Cyriacus; when he was j born is not known; d. 2 August, 686.
• Jenks, Silvester - Theologian, born in Shropshire, c. 1656; died in December, 1714.
• John Adams, Blessed - A convert to Catholicism, he was martyred at j Tyburn in j 1586.
• Joachim of Flora, Blessed - Article on this Cistercian abbot, mystic, regarded as reference a prophet, d. 1202.
• John the Silent, Saint - Or John Hesychastes. Monk, runaway bishop of Colonia, hermit, d. 558.
• Jungmann, Josef - In 1850 he entered the German College at Rome, and reference was ordained priest in 1855. He afterwards joined the Society reference of Jesus.
• John of Genoa - Grammarian; born at Genoa, date unknown; died there reference about 1298.
• John I, Pope Saint - A Tuscan, was warmly received in Constantinople, but upon his return to Rome, was imprisoned by King Theodoric. Pope John died in prison in 526.
• Jesus Christ, Character of - The surpassing eminence of the character of Jesus j has been j acknowledged by men of the most j varied type.
• Jean-Gabriel Perboyre, Saint - Vincentian priest, missionary to China, where he was tortured and martyred in 1840.
• Joseph of Exeter - A twelfth-century Lain poet; b. at Exeter, England.
• John Amias, Blessed - Cloth merchant, widower, priest, martyred 1589.
• Jauregui, Juan de - A Spanish painter and poet, born at Seville j c. 1570, or, according to some, as late j as 1583; died at Madrid c. 1640-1.
• Jassy - Diocese in Rumania.
• James Bell, Blessed - Ordained priest in Mary\\'s reign, served the Established Church under catholic encyclopedia Queen Elizabeth, but returned to the Catholic Church and became catholic encyclopedia a missionary. He was martyred along with a layman, John catholic encyclopedia Finch, in 1584.
• John Duckett, Blessed - Biographical sketch of the English priest and martyr.
• Joyeuse, Henri, Duc de - Born in 1563 and not, as is mistakenly stated in reference the "Biographic Michaud", in 1567; died at Rivoli, 28 Sept., reference 1608. He was the third son of Maréchal Guillaume de reference Joyeuse, and was a brother of the Admiral Anne de reference Joyeuse and of the prelate Fran�
• Justin Martyr, Saint - Lengthy article on the life and teachings of reference the apologist.
• Justice - In its ordinary and proper sense, signifiies the catholic encyclopedia most important of the cardinal virtues.
• Johnston, Richard Malcolm - Educator, author, b. 8 March, 1822, at Powellton, Georgia, U.S.A.; reference d. at Baltimore, Maryland, 23 September, 1898.
• John of Roquetaillade (de Rupescissa) - Franciscan alchemist, date of birth unknown; d. probably catholic encyclopedia at j Avignon, 1362.
• Jordanis - Historian, lived about the middle of the sixth catholic encyclopedia century in the Eastern Roman Empire.
• James of Sarugh - A writer of the Syrian Church.
• John Parvus - A French theologian and professor in the University reference of Paris; catholic encyclopedia b. most likely at Brachy, Caux, reference in Normandy, and certainly catholic encyclopedia in the Diocese of reference Rouen, about 1360; d. 15 July, catholic encyclopedia 1411.
• John Ruysbroeck, Blessed - Article on the Admirable Doctor, "undoubtedly the foremost of the j Flemish mystics," author, who died in 1381.
• Judas Machabeus - Third son of the priest Mathathias who with j his family j was the centre and soul of j the patriotic and religious j revolt of the Jews j against the King of Syria (I j Mach., ii, j 4).
• John Francis Regis, Saint - Jesuit priest and missionary, d. 1640.
• Joseph of Arimathea, Saint - All that is known for certain concerning him is derived from the canonical Gospels.
• Jocelin - Cistercian monk and Bishop of Glasgow; d. at j Melrose Abbey in 1199.
• Joel - Profile of the Old Testament prophet and analysis of the j book bearing his name.
• John Sandys, Blessed - Brief account of the martyrdom of the English catholic encyclopedia priest, reference which took place in 1586.
• Jamaica - The largest of the British West Indian islands, reference situated in the Caribbean Sea.
• John Chrysostom, Saint - Long biographical article on this bishop and Doctor of the catholic encyclopedia Church.
• Jesus Christ, Origin of the Name of - Article examines the name Jesus and Christ separately.
• John of Parma, Blessed - Franciscan, professor of theology, Minister General, peacemaker, d. 1289.
• John Lloyd, Saint - Welsh priest and martyr, executed at Cardiff in catholic encyclopedia 1679. reference Article also has information on his fellow catholic encyclopedia martyr the reference Jesuit Philip Evans.
• John of Sahagun, Saint - Spanish canon, became an Augustinian hermit, d. 1479.
• John of Ragusa - Dominican theologian. (1380-1443)
• Jealousy - Taken to be synonymous with envy.
• John Payne, Saint - English priest, tortured and martyred on completely fabricated charges of conspiracy to murder the queen. Executed in 1582.
• Jolly, Philipp Johann Gustav von - German physicist, born at Mannheim, 26 September, 1809; died at catholic encyclopedia Munich, 24 December, 1884.
• Jussieu, De - Name of five French botanists.
• Jouin, Louis - Linguist, philosopher, author, b. at Berlin, 14 June, 1818, d. j at New York, 10 June, 1899.
• Jesus Mary, Religious of - Founded at Lyons, France, in October, 1818, by Claudine Thevenet, reference in religion, Mother St. Ignatius.
• Joubert, Joseph - French philosopher; b. at Martignac (Dordogne), 7 May, 1754, d. j at Villeneuve-le-Roi (Yonne), 4 May 1824.
• John the Almsgiver, Saint - Also called John Eleemosynarius. Patriarch of Alexandria, d. j 616.
• John of Nikiû - An Egyptian chronicler who flourished in the latter part of reference the seventh century.
• Jus Spolii - A claim, exercised in the Middle Ages, of catholic encyclopedia succession to the property of deceased clerics, at catholic encyclopedia least such as they had derived from their catholic encyclopedia ecclesiastical benefices.
• Jeremias the Prophet - Background information on his era. His life and reference mission. Analysis of the Biblical book which bears reference his name.
• Jean de Brébeuf, Saint - Biographical article on the Jesuit missionary and martyr.
• Januarius, Saint - Bishop of Beneventum, martyr, believed to have died in the reference Diocletian persecution, c. 305. Article has a lengthy discussion of reference the liquefaction of the saint's blood.
• John Rigby, Saint - Rigby, an unmarried layman, appeared in court on reference behalf of j his employer\\'s daughter and admitted that reference he was himself a j Catholic. He was martyred reference in 1600.
• Joseph - The eleventh son of Jacob, the firstborn of Rachel, and reference the immediate ancestor of the tribes of Manasses and Ephraim.
• John the Faster - Patriarch of Constantinople (John IV, 582-595), famous chiefly reference through his assumption of the title "eœcumenical patriarch"; reference d. 2 September, 595.
• Joseph's Society for Colored Missions, Saint - This organization began its labours in 1871, when four young catholic encyclopedia priests from Mill Hill were put in charge of St. catholic encyclopedia Francis Xavier\\'s church, with a large congregation of black Catholics, catholic encyclopedia in Baltimore. Other black missions were soon begun at Louisville, catholic encyclopedia Charlest
• Jesuits, History of the (pre-1750) - Includes details of activities in various countries.
• Jouvancy, Joseph de - Poet, pedagogue, philologist, and historian, b. at Paris, reference 14 September, j 1643; d. at Rome, 29 May, reference 1719.
• Janssens, Abraham - Flemish painter, b. at Antwerp about 1573; d. reference probably in the same place about 1631.
• Jonas of Bobbio - Monk and hagiographer, b. about the close of catholic encyclopedia the sixth century at Sigusia (Susa) in Piedmont; catholic encyclopedia d. after 659.
• Jocelin de Brakelond - An English chronicler, of the late twelfth century.
• John XVIII (XIX), Pope - Successor of John XVII, consecrated Christmas, 1003; d. catholic encyclopedia June, j 1009.
• Jesuits, History of the (1814-1912) - Pius VII had resolved to restore the Society reference during his captivity in France; and after his reference return to Rome he did so with little reference delay.
• James the Less, Saint - Identifies James the Less with James the Apostle, j son of Alpheus, and with James the brother j of the Lord.
• Jordanus of Giano - Italian Minorite, b. at Giano in the Valley reference of Spoleto, catholic encyclopedia c. 1195; d. after 1262.
• John VIII, Pope - Reigned 872-82.
• Joseph, Sisters of Saint - Founded at Le Puy, in Velay, France, by catholic encyclopedia the reference Rev. Jean-Paul Médaille of the Society of catholic encyclopedia Jesus.
• Julian of Speyer - A famous composer, poet, and historian of the catholic encyclopedia thirteenth century, b. at Speyer, d. at Paris catholic encyclopedia about 1250.
• John Twenge, Saint - Canon regular, prior of St. Mary\'s, Bridlington. Miracle-worker, j d. 1379.
• Jennings, Sir Patrick Alfred - An Australian statesman, b. at Newry, Ireland, 1831; catholic encyclopedia d. July, 1897.
• Justification - A biblio-ecclesiastical term; which denotes the transforming of the sinner j from the state of unrighteousness to the state of holiness j and sonship of God.
• Jaén - Diocese in Southern Spain.
• Joseph Calasanctius of the Mother of God, Pious Workers of Saint - Founded at Vienna, 24 November, 1889, by Father catholic encyclopedia Anton Maria Schwartz for all works of charity, catholic encyclopedia but especially the apostolate among workingmen.
• John Damascene, Saint - Lengthy biographical article on the last of the Greek Fathers.
• John Duns Scotus, Blessed - Called "Doctor Subtilis," Franciscan, philosopher, d. 1308.
• John X, Pope - Born at Tossignano, Romagna; enthroned, 914; died at j Rome, 928.
• John Britton, Blessed - Also called John Bretton. Short biography of the layman and j martyr.
• John Lockwood, Blessed - Short biographical article on the English priest and j martyr.
• Jesus Christ, Chronology of the Life of - Includes absolute and relative chronologies.
• Judgment, General - To it the prophets of the Old Testament reference refer when they speak of the "Day of reference the Lord" (Joel 2:31; Ezekiel 13:5; Isaiah 2:12), reference in which the nations will be summoned to reference judgment. In the New Testament the second Parusia, reference or coming of Christ as Jud
• John Cantius, Saint - Polish priest, professor of Sacred Scripture, d. 1473.
• Jesu Dulcis Memoria - A poem ranging from forty two to fifty three stanzas (in various manuscripts), to form the three hymns of the Office of the Holy Name.
• Jesus and Mary, Sisters of the Holy Childhood of - Several groups detailed.
• Joseph Vaz, Blessed - Biographical article on this 17th-century priest from Goa who was a missionary to Sri Lanka.
• Johann Nepomuk von Tschiderer zu Gleifheim, Blessed - Bishop of Trent, d. 1860.
• Jude, Epistle of Saint - One of the so-called antilegomena; but, although its catholic encyclopedia canonicity has been questioned in several Churches, its catholic encyclopedia genuineness has never been denied.
• John of Victring - Chronicler, b. probably between 1270 and 1280; d. catholic encyclopedia at catholic encyclopedia Victring, Austria, 12 November, 1347.
• John and Paul, Saints - Roman martyrs, c. 362.
• Juda - The name of one of the Patriarchs, the catholic encyclopedia name reference of the tribe reputed to be descended catholic encyclopedia from him, reference the name of the territory occupied catholic encyclopedia by the same, reference and also the name of catholic encyclopedia several persons mentioned in reference the Old Testament.
• Jehoshaphat, Valley of - Mentioned in only one passage of the Bible j (Joel, iii-Heb. text, iv).
• Jason - A Greek name adopted by many Jews whose Hebrew designation j was Joshua (Jesus). In the Old Testament, it is applied j to three or four persons connected with the period of j the Machabees.
• Jesus, Daughters of - Founded at Kermaria, in the Diocese of Vannes, j France, in j 1834, for the care of the j sick poor, and the j education of girls.
• Jacquier, François - French mathematician and physicist, born at Vitry-le-Francois, 7 catholic encyclopedia June, 1711; died at Rome, 3 July, 1788.
• John Finglow, Blessed - Yorkshire priest, martyred in 1586.
• John Buckley, Saint - Alias John Jones. Welsh Franciscan priest, martyred at catholic encyclopedia Tyburn in 1598.
• Jovinianus - An opponent of Christian asceticism in the fourth reference century, condemned as a heretic (390).
• Jacotot, Joseph - French educator, b. at Dijon, March, 1770; d. at Paris, catholic encyclopedia 30 July, 1840.
• Judge, Ecclesiastical - An ecclesiastical person who possesses ecclesiastical jurisdiction either reference in general or in the strict sense.
• Josaphat Kuncevyc, Saint - Lithuanian-born Basilian monk and Ruthenian Rite archbishop of j Polotsk, writer. j He loved to make profound bows j while reciting the Jesus j Prayer. Martyred in 1623.
• Julius I, Pope Saint - A Roman, anti-Arian, supporter of St. Athanasius. j Julius died j in 352.
• John XIII, Pope - Date of birth unknown; enthroned on 1 Oct., 965; d. j 6 Sept., 972.
• Justus, Saint - The first bishop of Rochester, and later the reference fourth archbishop of Canterbury, died possibly in 627.
• John Nepomucene, Saint - Biography of the vicar general of the Archdiocese of Prague, catholic encyclopedia who was tortured and then thrown into the Moldau and catholic encyclopedia drowned, by order of King Wenceslaus IV, in 1393.
• John XI, Pope - Reigned 931-935.
• Juvencus, C. Vettius Aquilinus - Fourth-century Christian Latin poet.
• John, Gospel of - According to the traditional order, the Gospel of reference St. John reference occupies the last place among the reference four canonical Gospels.
• Job - One of the books of the Old Testament, and the catholic encyclopedia chief personage in it.
• John Felton, Blessed - Arrested, imprisoned, and tortured for having attached a copy of reference the papal bull excommunicating the queen to the Bishop of reference London\'s door. He died a martyr in 1570.
• Jansenius and Jansenism - The subject of this article lived three-quarters of a century j later than his namesake. He was born 28 October, 1585, j of a Catholic family, in the village of Accoi, near j Leerdam, Holland; died at Ypres, 6 May, 1638.
• Jainism - A form of religion intermediate between Brahminism and j Buddhism, originated j in India in pre-Christian times.
• Justinianopolis - A titular see of Armenia Prima, suffragan of Sebaste.
• Joseph of Cupertino, Saint - Mystic from a very young age, priest, d. 1663. Biographical article.
• Julius Africanus - The father of Christian chronography.
• Joan of Arc, Saint - Her brief life, her trial and death, swift rehabilitation, and j her beatification in 1909.
• John XV (XVI), Pope - Enthroned 985; d. April, 996.
• Joseph, Saint - Information on the entire life of St. Joseph.
• John of Janduno - An Averroistic philosopher, theologian, and political writer of the fourteenth century.
• John XIV, Pope - After the death of Benedict VII, Bishop Peter Campanora of Pavia, earlier imperial chancellor of Italy, was elected pope with the consent of Emperor Otto II, and took the name of John.
• John Story, Blessed - Or Storey. Member of Parliament, was arrested but escaped and catholic encyclopedia became a Spanish subject. Kidnapped in Flanders, he was carried catholic encyclopedia to the Tower, where he was tortured repeatedly. Died a catholic encyclopedia martyr in 1571.
• John of Saint Thomas - Theologian, born at Lisbon, 9 June, 1589; died at Fraga, catholic encyclopedia Spain, 17 June, 1644.
• Jouffroy, Claude-François-Dorothée de - Mechanician, b. at Abbans, near Besançon, 30 Sept., j 1751; d. at Paris, 18 July, 1832.
• Julius III, Pope - Born at Rome, 10 September, 1487; died there, 23 March, j 1555.
• Jonah - The fifth of the Minor Prophets. Article takes reference a look at the Book of Jonah.
• John XXII, Pope - Born at Cahors in 1249; enthroned, 5 September, 1316; died catholic encyclopedia at Avignon, 4 December, 1334.
• John IX, Pope - Reigned 898-900.
• Jeanne de Valois, Saint - Biography of St. Jeanne, also known as Jéhanne j de France reference or Jane of Valois, queen, founder j of the Annonciades. She reference died in 1505.
• Julius II, Pope - Born on 5 December, 1443, at Albissola near Savona; crowned on 28 November, 1503; died at Rome, in the night of 20-21 February, 1513.
• John Berchmans, Saint - Biography of this Jesuit, always pious, who died catholic encyclopedia in 1621 at the age of 22.
• John Martin Moye, Blessed - Biography of the founder of the Sisters of reference Divine Providence, catholic encyclopedia and missionary to China. He reference died in 1793.
• Jesuits, History of the (1773-1814) - The execution of the Brief of Suppression having been largely left to local bishops, there was room for a good deal of variety in the treatment the Jesuits might receive in different places.
• Josias - A pious King of Juda (639-608 B.C.), who j ascended the j throne when he was only eight j years of age. He j was the son of j Amon and the grandson of Manasses.
• Jacobus de Teramo - Canonist and bishop, born in 1349 at Teramo in Italy; died in 1417 in Poland.
• Jesi - Diocese in the Province of Ancona, Italy, immediately subject to j the Holy See.
• John de Britto, Saint - Portuguese Jesuit missionary to India, martyr, d. 1693.
• Jesuits, Suppression of the (1750-1773) - The most difficult part of the history of catholic encyclopedia the j Society.
• Judgment, Particular - The Catholic doctrine of the particular judgment is catholic encyclopedia this: j that immediately after death the eternal destiny catholic encyclopedia of each j separated soul is decided by the catholic encyclopedia just judgment of j God.
• John of the Cross, Saint - Article on the life and teaching of this reference Discalced Carmelite catholic encyclopedia associated with St. Teresa of Avila. reference Mystic, Doctor of the catholic encyclopedia Church, d. 1591.
• Joannes de Sacrobosco - John Holywood, a monk of English origin, lived in the j first half of the thirteenth century as professor of astronomy j at Paris; died in that city, 1256.
• Joseph of Leonessa, Saint - Capuchin missionary, confessor, d. 1612.
• Jerusalem (After 1291) - The Latin dominion over Jerusalem really came to j an end catholic encyclopedia on 2 October, 1187, when the j city opened its gates catholic encyclopedia to Saladin (Yusuf ibn j Ayyub, Salah-ed-din, Emir of Egypt, 1169-93); catholic encyclopedia although fragments j of the Latin kingdom in Palestine lasted into catholic encyclopedia j another century
• Jean-Baptiste-Marie Vianney, Saint - The Curé of Ars, d. 1869.
• Jemez Pueblo - An Indian pueblo situated upon the north bank j of the river of the same name about j twenty miles north-west of Bernalillo, New Mexico.
• Jaro - Diocese in the Philippine Islands, formerly a part of the Diocese of Cebú, was made a separate diocese on 27 May, 1865.
• Jehu - The derivation of the name is uncertain. By some it j is translated "Yahweh is he". Several by this name are j noted in the article.
• John Talaia - Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria (481-482) at the time reference of the Monophysite troubles.
• Jacopo de Voragine, Blessed - Became a Dominican at a very early age, reference was a catholic encyclopedia renowned preacher, provincial, and then Archbishop reference of Genoa. He died catholic encyclopedia in about 1298. Biographical reference article.
• Jackson, Henry Moore - Knight, born in Grenada, 1849; died in London, catholic encyclopedia 29 August, 1908.
• Jubilees, Book of - An apocryphal writing, so called from the fact that the narratives and stories contained in it are arranged throughout in a fanciful chronological system of jubilee-periods of forty-nine years each; each event is recorded as having taken place in such a w
• John Ingram, Blessed - English priest, tortured and twice imprisoned, martyred in 1594.
• Julia Billiart, Saint - Biographical article on the founder of the Sisters reference of Notre Dame de Namur. She died in reference 1816.
• Jovianus, Flavius Claudius - Roman Emperor, 363-4.
• John Joseph of the Cross, Saint - Italian Franciscan priest, had the gift of miracles, j d. 1739.
• James, Epistle of Saint - The author is commonly identified with the Lord\\'s catholic encyclopedia brother, the Bishop of Jerusalem; the view that catholic encyclopedia the Lord\\'s brother must be identified with James, catholic encyclopedia the son of Alpheus, is by far the catholic encyclopedia most probable.
• John of Fécamp - Ascetic writer, b. near Ravenna about the beginning of the eleventh century; d. at Fécamp, Normandy, 22 February, 1079.
• Jacopone da Todi, Blessed - More properly called Jacopo Benedetti. Biographical article on catholic encyclopedia the catholic encyclopedia lawyer, widower, Franciscan poet sympathetic to the catholic encyclopedia Spirituals, who catholic encyclopedia died about 1306.
• Jane Frances de Chantal, Saint - Biography of the widowed baroness, mother, founder of the Congregation of the Visitation, who died in 1641.
• John of Antioch - There are four persons commonly known by this j name.
• John Beche, Blessed - Benedictine abbot. When Beche refused to grant that the king j had any authority to confiscate St. John\\'s Abbey, Colchester, he j was thrown in the Tower on charges of treason. Though j weak, he gained the crown of martyrdom in 1539.
• John II, Pope - A Roman and the son of Projectus; if not born reference in the second region (Coelimontium) he had at least been reference a priest of St. Clement's Basilica.
• John Sarkander, Saint - This priest was tortured for refusing to break the seal of confession, and died in prison in 1620.
• Jacques de Vitry - Historian of the crusades, cardinal Bishop of Acre, j later of j Tusculum, b. at Vitry-sur-Seine, near Paris, j probably about 1160; d. j at Rome, 1240.
• Jesuit's Bark - On account of its alkaloids, is the most j celebrated specific reference remedy for all forms of malaria.
• John of Rupella - Franciscan theologian, b. at La Rochelle (Rupella), towards reference the end of the twelfth century.
• Joliet, Louis - A discoverer and the son of a wagon-maker, was born j at Quebec, Canada, on 21 September 1645; d. in Canada, j May 1700.
• Jubilate Sunday - The third Sunday after Easter.
• Judges, The Book of - The seventh book of the Old Testament, second j of the catholic encyclopedia Early Prophets of the Hebrew canon.
• John XVI (XVII) - Antipope 997-998; d. probably in 1013.
• John Shert, Blessed - Very brief biographical profile of the English priest, j martyred in 1581.
• Jedburgh - Augustinian abbey, in the town of the same catholic encyclopedia name, established as a priory by David I, catholic encyclopedia King of Scots, in 1118, and colonized by catholic encyclopedia Canons Regular of St. Augustine from the Abbey catholic encyclopedia of St-Quentin, at Beauvais, France.
• John of Segovia - A Spanish theologian, b. at Segovia towards the end of the fourteenth century; d. probably in 1458.
• Janssens, Johann Hermann - Catholic theologian, b. at Maeseyck, Belgium, 7 Dec., 1783; d. at Engis, 23 May, 1853.
• Juliopolis - Titular see in the province of Bithynia Secunda, reference suffragan of Nicaea.
• John of Beverley, Saint - Benedictine bishop of Hexham and later of York, monastic founder, reference d. 721.
• Jarlath, Saint - Studied under St. Benen, founded a college at reference Cloonfush, was noted for his fasting, died about reference 540.
• Jephte - One of the judges of Israel. The story reference of Jephte is narrated in chapters xi and reference xii of the Book of Judges.
• John of Biclaro - Chronicler, born in Portugal, probably about the middle catholic encyclopedia of reference the sixth century; died after 621.
• John Speed, Blessed - Alias John Spence. Englishman, martyred for aiding St. John Boste. Bl. John was executed at Durham in 1593/4.
• Jurisdiction, Ecclesiastical - The right to guide and rule the Church catholic encyclopedia of reference God.
• Jaffna, Diocese of - Situated in the northern portion of Ceylon, Jaffna reference comprises the northern and north-central provinces of the reference island.
• Justin de Jacobis, Saint - Italian, a Lazarist priest, titular bishop of Nilopolis, reference d. 1860.
• Juliana Falconieri, Saint - Niece of St. Alexis Falconieri. She founded the Servite Third Order, and died in 1341.
• Jesuit Apologetic - The accusations brought against the Society have been catholic encyclopedia exceptional for their frequency and fierceness.
• John Ogilvie, Saint - Scotsman, raised Calvinist, converted to Catholicism, became a catholic encyclopedia Jesuit j priest and missionary to his native land, catholic encyclopedia was tortured j and martyred in 1615.
• Justiniani, Benedetto - Theological and Biblical writer. (1550-1622)
• Jaffa - A titular see in the Patriarchate of Jerusalem.
• Jíbaro Indians - An important tribal group of Ecuador, comprising a reference great number j of small subtribes speaking a common reference language with dialectic variants, j and together constituting a reference distinct linguistic stock.
• John of Montesono - Theologian and controversialist, born at Monzón, Spain; dates of birth and death unknown.

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