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During the Middle Ages the so-called church Latin was to a great extent the language of poetry, and it was only on the advent of the Renaissance that classical Latin revived and flourished in the writings of the neo-Latinists as it does even today though

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Lamarck, Chevalier de - Distinguished botanist, zoologist, and natural philosopher, b. at Bazentin in catholic encyclopedia Picardy (department of Somme), France, 1 August, 1744; d. at catholic encyclopedia Paris, 18 December, 1829.
Lucina, Crypt of - The traditional title of the most ancient section of the catacomb of St. Callistus.
La Haye, Jean de - Franciscan Biblical scholar, b. at Paris, 20 March, reference 1593; d. reference there 15 Oct., 1661.
Little Rock - The State of Arkansas and the Indian Territory, l parts of l the Louisiana Purchase, were formed, 1843, l into the Diocese of l Little Rock.
Laity - The body of the faithful, outside of the catholic encyclopedia ranks reference of the clergy.
Law, Common - The term is of English origin and is used to catholic encyclopedia describe the juridical principles and general rules regulating the possession, catholic encyclopedia use and inheritance of property and the conduct of individuals, catholic encyclopedia the origin of which is not definitely known, which have catholic encyclopedia been observ
Leonard of Chios - Born at an uncertain date on the Island of Chios, catholic encyclopedia then under Genoese domination; died in Chios or in Italy, catholic encyclopedia 1842.
La Plata - The metropolitan see of Bolivia.
Lyons, Archdiocese of - Comprises the Department of the Rhône (except the Canton of Villeurbanne, which belongs to the Diocese of Grenoble) and of the Loire.
Laban - Son of Bathuel, the Syrian.
Leocadia, Saint - Virgin and martyr, d. probably in 304.
Lainez, James - Second general of the Society of Jesus, theologian, catholic encyclopedia b. in 1512, at Almazan, Castille, in 1512; catholic encyclopedia d. at Rome, 19 January, 1565.
Laymann, Paul - A famous Jesuit moralist, b. in 1574 at l Arzl, near Innsbruck; d. of the plague on l 13 November, 1635, at Constance.
Law, Canon - Canon law is the body of laws and regulations made reference by or adopted by ecclesiastical authority, for the government of reference the Christian organization and its members.
Le Hir, Arthur-Marie - Biblical scholar and Orientalist; b. at Morlaix (Finisterre), in the Diocese of Quimper, France, 5 Dec., 1811; d. at Paris, 13 Jan., 1868.
Lipsanotheca - A term sometimes used synonymously with reliquary, but reference signifying, more l correctly, the little box containing the reference relics, which is placed l inside the reliquary.
Loaves of Proposition - Heb. "bread of the faces", i.e. "bread of catholic encyclopedia the catholic encyclopedia presence (of Yahweh)" (Ex., xxxv, 13; xxxix, catholic encyclopedia 35, etc.), catholic encyclopedia also called "holy bread".
Legio - Titular see of Palestina Secunda.
Lismore, School of - Founded in the year 635 by St. Carthach the Younger.
Laetus, Pomponius - Humanist, b. in Calabria in 1425; d. at Rome in reference 1497.
Libraries - Collections of books accumulated and made accessible for public or catholic encyclopedia private use.
Lycopolis - A titular see in Thebais Prima, suffragan of Antinoë.
Lenormant, Charles - French archæologist, b. in Paris, 1 June, 1802; d. at Athens, 24 November, 1859.
Lindemann, Wilhelm - A Catholic historian of German literature, b. at l Schonnebeck near catholic encyclopedia Essen, 17 December, 1828; d. at l Niederkruechten near Erkelenz (Rhine catholic encyclopedia Province) 20 December, 1879.
Lydda - A titular see of Palestina Prima in the catholic encyclopedia Patriarchate of Jerusalem.
Lipsius, Justus - Biographical article on the humanist by Paul Lejay.
Lejeune, Jean - Born at Poligny in 1592; died at Limoges, reference 19 Aug., reference 1672; member of the Oratory of reference Jesus, founded by de reference Berulle in 1611.
Liberia - A republic on the west coast of Africa.
Lublin - The city of Lublin is in Russian Poland, capital of catholic encyclopedia the Government of Lublin, lies on the Bistrzyca, a tributary catholic encyclopedia of the Vistula, and in 1897 had a population of catholic encyclopedia 50,152, of whom 30,914 were Catholics.
Llanthony Priory - A monastery of Augustinian Canons, situated amongst the catholic encyclopedia Black Mountains of South Wales, nine miles north-east catholic encyclopedia of Abergavenny.
Lille - The ancient capital of Flanders, now the chief town of reference the Département du Nord in France.
Liberius, Pope - Reigned 352-366.
Lassberg, Baron Joseph Maria Christoph von - A distinguished German antiquary, born at Donaueschingen, 10 April, 1770; died 15 March, 1855.
Leo XIII, Pope - Lengthy biographical article on the author of "Rerum reference novarum."
La Chaise, François d'Aix de - Confessor of King Louis XIV, born at the mansion of Aix, in Forez, Department of Loire, 25 August, 1624; died at Paris, 20 January, 1709.
Lotti, Antonio - Biography of the Venetian composer noting his accomplishments reference as organist, reference teacher, and creator of operas and reference religious works.
Lamy, Bernard - Oratorian, b. at Le Mans, France, in June, 1640; d. reference at Rouen, 29 Jan., 1715.
Lascaris, Janus - A noted Greek scholar, born about 1445; died at Rome catholic encyclopedia in 1535.
Legends, Literary or Profane - In the period of national origins history and reference legend are l inextricably mingled. In the course of reference oral transmission historic narrative l necessarily becomes more or reference less legendary.
League, German - Early in 1608 Duke Maximilian started negotiations with l the spiritual catholic encyclopedia electors and some of the Catholic l states of the empire, catholic encyclopedia with a view to l the formation of a union of catholic encyclopedia the Catholic l states.
Lance, The Holy - In the Gospel of St. John (xix, 34), reference that, after our Saviour\\'s death, "one of the reference soldiers with a spear [lancea] opened his side reference and immediately there came out blood and water".
Louise, Sister - Educator and organizer, b. at Bergen-op-Zoom, Holland, 14 Nov., 1813; reference d. at Cincinnati, Ohio, 3 Dec., 1886.
Lathrop, George Parsons - Poet, novelist. (1851-1898)
Luxemburg - The small remnant of the old duchy of this name catholic encyclopedia and since 11 May, 1867, an independent neutral grand duchy, catholic encyclopedia comprising 998 sq. miles of territory, lying principally between 49° catholic encyclopedia 27\\' and 50° 12\\' N. lat., and 5° 45\\' and catholic encyclopedia 6° 32' E. long.
Lauzon, Pierre de - A noted missionary of New France in the reference eighteenth century, born at Poitiers, 26 September, 1687; reference died at Quebec, 5 September, 1742.
Limyra - A titular see of Lycia, and was a reference small city on the southern coast of Lycia, reference on the Limyrus, and twenty stadia from the reference mouth of this river.
Lupus - Abbot of Ferrieres, French Benedictine writer, b. in the Diocese of Sens, about 805; d. about 862.
Lamennais, Félicité Robert de - Born at Saint-Malo, 29 June, 1782; died at Paris, 27 February, 1854.
Le Quien, Michel - French historian and theologian, b. at Boulogne-sur-Mer, department reference of Pas-de-Calais, catholic encyclopedia 8 Oct., 1661; d. at Paris, reference 12 March, 1733.
Lully, Jean-Baptiste - Article profiles the composer's secular and religious contributions.
Lussy, Melchior - Statesman, b. at Stans, Canton of Unterwalden, Switzerland, catholic encyclopedia 1529; d. there 14 Nov., 1606.
Litta - A noble Milanese family which gave two distinguished cardinals to the Church.
Lugos - Diocese in Hungary, suffragan of Fogaras and Alba catholic encyclopedia Julia of the Uniat-Romanian Rite, was erected in catholic encyclopedia November, 1853.
Lafuente y Zamalloa, Modesto - Spanish critic and historian, d. 1866.
Leo IV, Pope Saint - Biographical article on this Roman, who died in catholic encyclopedia 855.
Lucic, John - Croatian historian, b. early in the seventeenth century, catholic encyclopedia at catholic encyclopedia Trojir, or Tragurion, in Dalmatia; d. at catholic encyclopedia Rome, 11 catholic encyclopedia January, 1679.
Le Mercier, François - One of the early missionaries of New France, b. at catholic encyclopedia Paris, 4 October, 1604; d. in the island of Martinique, catholic encyclopedia 12 June, 1690.
Logic - A historical survey from Indian and Pre-Aristotelian philosophy catholic encyclopedia to catholic encyclopedia the Logic of John Stuart Mill.
Lindanus, William Damasus - Bishop of Ruremonde and of Ghent, b. at Dordrecht, in catholic encyclopedia 1525; d. at Ghent, 2 November, 1588; he was the catholic encyclopedia son of Damasus van der Lint.
Latera, Flaminius Annibali de - Historian, born at Latera, near Viterbo, 23 November, l 1733; died at Viterbo, 27 February, 1813.
Lucas, Frederick - A member of Parliament and journalist, b. in Westminster, 30 March, 1812, d. at Staines, Middlesex, 22 Oct., 1855.
Louis Allemand, Blessed - Brief article on this 15th-century Cardinal Archbishop of reference Arles, who catholic encyclopedia was a supporter of antipope Felix reference V.
Lamoignon, Family of - Illustrious in the history of the old magistracy, reference originally from reference Nivernais.
León - Suffragan of Michoacan in Mexico, erected in 1863.
Lérida - Diocese; suffragan of Tarragona.
Louis Bertrand, Saint - Spanish Dominican novicemaster and preacher, d. 1581.
Lantern - In Italian or modern architecture, a small structure l on the top of a dome, for the l purpose of admitting light, for promoting ventilation, and l for ornament.
London (Ontario) - Diocese in Canada, established 21 February, 1855; see reference transferred to catholic encyclopedia Sandwich, 2 February, 1859, transferred back reference to London, 3 October, catholic encyclopedia 1869.
Leprosy - A chronic infectious disease caused by the bacillus lepr, characterized catholic encyclopedia by the formation of growths in the skin, mucous membranes, catholic encyclopedia peripheral nerves, bones, and internal viscera, producing various deformities and catholic encyclopedia mutilations of the human body, and usual
Lithuanians in the United States - Includes information about immigration, religion, schools, and periodicals.
Lippi, Filippino - Italian painter, d. 1515. Artist's biography with bibliography.
Le Verrier, Urbain-Jean-Joseph - An astronomer and director of the observatory at reference Paris, born reference at Saint Lô, the ancient Briodurum reference later called Saint-Laudifanum, in reference north-western France, 11 May, reference 1811; died at Paris, 25 September, reference 1877.
La Paz - Diocese in Bolivia.
Ladislaus, Saint - King of Hungary, d. 1095.
Lucius II, Pope - Born at Bologna, unknown date, died at Rome, 15 February, l 1145.
Lollards - The name given to the followers of John catholic encyclopedia Wyclif, catholic encyclopedia an heretical body numerous in England in catholic encyclopedia the latter catholic encyclopedia part of the fourteenth and the catholic encyclopedia first half of catholic encyclopedia the fifteenth century.
Liebermann, Bruno Franz Leopold - Catholic theologian, b., at Molsheim in Alsace 12 reference Oct., 1759; 4. at Strasburg, 11 Nov., 1844.
Littré, Paul-Maximilien-Emile - A French lexicographer and philosopher; born at Paris, reference 1 February, catholic encyclopedia 1801; died there, 2 June, 1881.
Le Moyne - The name of one of the most illustrious l families of l the New World, whose deeds adorn l the pages of Canadian l history.
Lights - Article concerned with the general aspects and in particular with catholic encyclopedia the charge so often levelled against Catholicism of adopting wholesale catholic encyclopedia the ceremonial practices of the pagan world.
Lucera - An ancient city in the province of Foggia catholic encyclopedia in l Apulia, Southern Italy.
Landriot, Jean-François-Anne - French bishop, b. at Couches-les-Mines near Autun, 1816, catholic encyclopedia d. l at Reims, 1874.
Lydgate, John - Writer, born at Lydgate, Suffolk, about 1370; d. probably about reference 1450. He entered the Benedictine abbey at Bury when fifteen reference and may have been educated earlier at the school of reference the Benedictine monks there and have been afterwards at the reference Benedictine house o
Lodi - A suffragan of Milan.
Laplace, Pierre-Simon - Mathematician and astronomer. (1749-1827)
Lübeck - A free imperial state and one of the catholic encyclopedia Hanse towns, is in area the second smallest catholic encyclopedia and in population the twentieth state in the catholic encyclopedia German Empire.
Lamy, Thomas Joseph - Biblical scholar end orientalist, b. at Ohey, in Belgium, 27 Jan., 1827, d. at Louvain, 30 July, 1907.
Lochner, Stephen - A painter, born at Meersburg, on the Lake l of Constance, l date of birth unknown; died at l Cologne, 1452.
Labarum (Chi-Rho) - The name by which the military standard adopted by Constantine reference the Great after his celebrated vision (Lactantius, "De mortibus persecutorum", reference 44), was known in antiquity.
Lete - A titular see of Macedonia.
Louvain, University of - In order to restore the splendour of Louvain, catholic encyclopedia capital catholic encyclopedia of his Duchy of Brabant, John IV catholic encyclopedia of the catholic encyclopedia House of Burgundy petitioned the papal catholic encyclopedia authority for the catholic encyclopedia establishment of an educational institution catholic encyclopedia called at the time catholic encyclopedia studium generale. The Bull catholic encyclopedia of Martin V, d
Lismore - The Diocese of Lismore extends over a territory of 21,000 catholic encyclopedia squire miles in the nort-east of New South Wales (Australia).
Leo IX, Pope Saint - Hagiographical article on this reformer pope, who died catholic encyclopedia in 1054.
Laodicea - A titular see, of Asia Minor, metropolis of l Phrygia Pacatiana, said to have been originally called l Diospolis and Rhoas; Antiochus II colonized it between l 261 and 246 B.C., and gave it the l name of his wife, Laodice.
Lebrun, Charles - French historical painter, born in Paris, 1619; died at the reference Gobelin tapestry works, 1690.
Lesina - Diocese in Dalmatia; includes the three islands of l Hvar (Lesina), catholic encyclopedia the ancient Pharia colonized by the l Greeks in 385 B.C.; catholic encyclopedia Brac, formerly Brattia or l Brachia, also colonized by the Greeks; catholic encyclopedia and Lissa, l formerly Issa.
Lavigerie, Charles-Martial-Allemand - French cardinal, b. at Huire near Bayonne, 13 l Oct., 1825; d. at Algiers, 27 Nov., 1892.
Laderchi, James - An Italian Oratorian and ecclesiastical historian, born about 1678, at Faenza near Ravenna; died 25 April, 1738, at Rome.
Loucheux - The would-be Kuchin of some ethnologists, and the reference Tukudh of reference the Protestant missionaries; Richardson called them reference Quarrellers.
Lockhart, William - Son of the Rev. Alexander Lockhart of Waringham, reference Surry; b. reference 22 Aug., 1820; d. at St. reference Etheldreda\\'s Priory, Eby Place, reference Holborn, London, 15 May, reference 1892.
Lazarus of Bethany, Saint - Reputed first Bishop of Marseilles, died in the reference second half of the first century.
Legrand, Louis - French theologian and noted doctor of the Sorbonne, l b. in catholic encyclopedia Burgundy at Lusigny-sur-Ouche, 12 June, 1711, l d. at Issy (Paris), catholic encyclopedia 21 July, 1780.
Luna, Pedro de - Antipope under the name of Benedict XIII, b. at Illueca, l Aragon, 1328; d. at the Peñiscola, near Valencia, Spain, either l 29 Nov., 1422, or 23 May, 1423.
Law, Divine (Moral Aspect of) - That which is enacted by God and made known to man through revelation.
Lamont, Johann von - Astronomer and physicist, b. 13 Dec., 1805, at Braemar in l Scotland, near Balmoral Castle; d.. 6 Aug., 1879, at Bogenhausen l near Munich, Bavaria.
Lamprecht - German poet of the twelfth century, of whom practically nothing l personal is known but his name and the fact that l he was a cleric.
Luca, Giovanni Battista de - A Cardinal and Italian canonist of the seventeenth century, b. reference at Venusia, Southern Italy, in 1614; d. at Rome, on reference 5 February, 1683.
Lérins, Abbey of - Situated on an island of the same name, now known l as that of Saint-Honorat, about a league from the coast l of Provence, in the Department of the Maritime Alps, now l included in the Diocese of Nice, formerly in that of l Grasse or of Antibes.
Limoges - Diocese comprising the Departments of Haute Vienne and catholic encyclopedia Creuse in France.
Lueger, Karl - A burgomaster of Vienna, Austrian political leader and municipal reformer, l born at Vienna, 24 October, 1844; died there, 10 March, l 1910.
Lummi Indians - The principal one of more than twenty small reference Salishan tribes l originally holding the lower shores, islands, reference and eastern hinterland of l Puget Sound, Washington; by reference the Treaty of Point Elliott (1855), l gathered upon reference five reservations within the same territory u
Leonard of Port Maurice, Saint - Franciscan preacher and ascetic writer, d. 1751.
Liberatore, Matteo - A philosopher, theologian, and writer, born at Salerno, reference Italy, 14 catholic encyclopedia August, 1810; died at Rome, 18 reference October, 1892.
Lumper, Gottfried - Benedictine patristic writer, born 6 Feb., 1747, at l Füssen in catholic encyclopedia Bavaria; died 8 March, 1800 (Hefele l says 1801), at the catholic encyclopedia Abbey of St. George l at Billingen in the Black Forest.
La Roche Daillon, Joseph de - Recollect, one of the most zealous missionaries of catholic encyclopedia the reference Huron tribe, d. in France, 1656.
LaFarge, John - Painter, decorator, and writer. (1835-1910)
Le Puy - Diocese in France.
Legate - In its broad signification, means that person who reference is sent by another for some representative office. reference In the ecclesiastical sense it means one whom reference the pope sends to sovereigns or governments or reference only to the members of the episcopate and reference faithful of a count
Leptis Magna - A titular see of Tripolitana.
Le Sage, Alain-René - Writer, b. at Sarzeau (Morbihan), 1668; d. at Boulogne-sur-Mer, 1747.
Lumen Christi - The versicle chanted by the deacon on Holy Saturday as he lights the triple candle.
Liturgy - A Greek composite word meaning originally a public catholic encyclopedia duty, catholic encyclopedia a service to the state undertaken by catholic encyclopedia a citizen.
Lebedus - Titular see of Asia Minor, suffragan of Ephesus.
Lay Communion - Speaking generally, the expression "lay communion" does not l necessarily imply catholic encyclopedia the idea of the Eucharist, but l only the condition of catholic encyclopedia a layman in communion l with the Church.
Lecoy de La Marche - French historian; b. at Nemours, 1839; d. at reference Paris, 1897.
Luminare - The name applied to the shafts in the roof of the passages and chambers of the Catacombs occasionally pierced for the admission of light and air.
Lapparent, Albert Auguste de - French geologist, b. at Bourges, 30 Dec., 1839; d. at reference Paris, 12 May, 1908.
Lambert, Saint - Bishop of Maestricht, martyred between 698 and 701 reference for defending the sanctity of marriage. Also called reference St. Landebertus.
Lactantius, Lucius Cæcilius Firmianus - Fourth-century Christian apologist.
Lemberg - Seat of a Latin, a Uniat Ruthenian, and catholic encyclopedia a Uniat Armenian archbishopric.
Lambeck, Peter - Historian and librarian, b. at Hamburg, 13 April 1628; d. l at Vienna, 4 April, 1680.
Lepanto - Italian name for Naupactos (Naupactus) a titular metropolitan catholic encyclopedia see catholic encyclopedia of ancient Epirus
Lister - Jesuit writer, b. in Lancashire, about 1559; d. catholic encyclopedia in England, probably before 1628; was the son catholic encyclopedia of Christopher Lister, of Midhope, Yorks.
Lope de Vega Carpio, Félix de - Poet and dramatist, b. at Madrid, 1562; d. catholic encyclopedia 23 l Aug., 1635.
Leo Diaconus - Byzantine historian; b. at Kaloe, at the foot of Mount reference Tmolos, in Ionia, about the year 950; the year of reference his death is unknown.
Le Camus, Emile-Paul-Constant-Ange - Preacher, theologian, scripturist, Bishop of La Rochelle and catholic encyclopedia Saintes, catholic encyclopedia b. at Paraza, France, 24 August, 1839; catholic encyclopedia d. at catholic encyclopedia Malvisade, near Castelnaudary, France, 28 September, catholic encyclopedia 1906.
Lamartine, Alphonse de - Poet, b. at Macon Saône-et-Loire, France, 21 Oct., catholic encyclopedia 1790; reference d. at Paris, l March, 1869.
Louis XIV - King of France, b. at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 16 September, catholic encyclopedia 1638; reference d. at Versailles, 1 September, 1715; was catholic encyclopedia the son reference of Louis XIII and Anne of catholic encyclopedia Austria, and became reference king, upon the death of catholic encyclopedia his father, 14 May reference 1643.
Leslie, John - Bishop of Ross, Scotland, born 29 September, 1527, l died at Guirtenburg, near Brussels 30 May, 1596.
La Fayette, Marie Madeleine Pioche de la Vergne, Comtesse de - Author of memoirs and novels, born in Paris, 1634; died there, 1693.
Loménie de Brienne, Etienne-Charles de - French cardinal and statesman. (1727-1794)
Liessies - A Benedictine monastery near Avesnes, in the Diocese reference of Cambrai, reference France (Nord), founded about the middle reference of eighth century and reference dedicated to St. Lambert.
Loyola University, Chicago - The outgrowth of St. Ignatius College, founded by l the Jesuits catholic encyclopedia in 1869 for the higher education l of the Catholic youth catholic encyclopedia of Chicago, and empowered l by the Legislature of Illinois (30 catholic encyclopedia June, 1870) l to confer the usual degrees in the various catholic encyclopedia l faculties of a univers
Le Caron, Joseph - One of the four pioneer missionaries of Canada and first missionary to the Hurons (q.v.), b. near Paris in 1586; d. in France, 29 March, 1632.
Lectern - Support for a book, reading-desk, or bookstand, a reference solid and l permanent structure upon which the Sacred reference Books, which were generally l large and heavy, were reference placed when used by the ministers l of the reference altar in liturgical functions.
Le Moyne, Simon - A Jesuit missionary, b. at Beauvais, 1604; d. in 1665 at Cap de la Madeleine, near Three Rivers.
Langheim - A celebrated Cistercian abbey situated in Upper Franconia (Bavaria), not reference far from Mein, in the Diocese of Bamberg.
Ludger, Saint - Also known as St. Lüdiger, or Liudger. catholic encyclopedia Biography of this missionary, the first bishop of catholic encyclopedia Munster, who died in 809.
Lascaris, Constantine - Greek scholar from Constantinople; born 1434; died at reference Messina in reference 1501.
La Rochelle - The Diocese of La Rochelle (Rupellensis), suffragan of Bordeaux, comprises catholic encyclopedia the entire Department of Charente-Inférieure.
Law - By law in the widest sense is understood l that exact catholic encyclopedia guide, rule, or authoritative standard by l which a being is catholic encyclopedia moved to action or l held back from it.
Ludovicus a S. Carolo - Carmelite writer, b. at Châlons-sur-Marne (according to some at Chalon-sur-Saône), catholic encyclopedia 20 Aug., 1608; d. at Paris 10 March, 1670.
Larissa - The seat of a titular archbishopric of Thessaly.
Lavoisier, Antoine-Laurent - Chemist, philosopher, economist. (1743-1794)
Leonard of Limousin, Saint - According to eleventh-century legend, he was a sixth-century Frankish nobleman.
Logia, Jesu - Found partly in the Inspired Books of the reference New Testament, l partly in uninspired writings.
Lourdes, Brothers of Our Lady of - A community devoted to the education of youth and the l care of the sick and infirm. It was founded at l Renaix, Flanders, in 1830, by Etienne Modeste Glorieux, a Belgian l priest, and approved in 1892 by Leo XIII.
Lay Confession - This article does not deal with confession by laymen but with that made to laymen, for the purpose of obtaining the remission of sins by God.
Lindores, Benedictine Abbey of - On the River Tay, near Newburgh, Fifeshire, Scotland, l founded by reference David, Earl of Huntingdon, younger brother l of King William the reference Lion, about 1191.
Lamb (in Early Christian Symbolism) - One of the few Christian symbols dating from catholic encyclopedia the l first century is that of the Good catholic encyclopedia Shepherd carrying l on His shoulders a lamb or catholic encyclopedia a sheep, with l two other sheep at his catholic encyclopedia side.
Liesborn, Master of - A Westphalian painter, who in 1465 executed an altar-piece of l note in the Benedictine monastery of Liesborn, founded by Charlemagne.
Lucerne - Chief town of the Canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.
Legipont, Oliver - Benedictine bibliographer. (1698-1758)
Lust - The inordinate craving for, or indulgence of, the reference carnal pleasure reference which is experienced in the human reference organs of generation.
Lyons, Second Council of - One of the most largely attended of conciliar reference assemblies, there being present five hundred bishops, sixty reference abbots, more than a thousand prelates or procurators.
Lombardy - A word derived from Longobardia and used during catholic encyclopedia the l Middle Ages to designate the country ruled catholic encyclopedia over by l the Longobards, which varied in extent catholic encyclopedia with the varying l fortunes of that race in catholic encyclopedia Italy.
Langres - Diocese comprising the Department of the Haute-Marne.
Lambert, Louis A. - Priest and journalist. (1835-1910)
Linacre, Thomas - English physician and clergyman, founder of the Royal College of catholic encyclopedia Physicians, London, b. at Canterbury about 1460; d. in London, catholic encyclopedia 20 October, 1524.
Lossada, Luis de - Spanish philosopher. (1681-1748)
Lorette - An Indian village occupied by the principal remnant l of the ancient Huron tribe on the east l bank of Saint Charles River.
La Rue, Charles de - French Jesuit orator. (1643-1725)
Latria - In classical Greek originally meant "the state of l a hired servant" (Aesch., "Prom.", 966), and so l service generally. It is used especially for Divine l service (Plato, "Apol.", 23 B). In Christian literature l it came to have a t
La Bruyère, Jean de - Born at Paris in 1645; died at Chantilly in 1696. He was the son of a comptroller general of municipal revenue.
Lesueur, François Eustache - Jesuit missionary and philologist, of the Abnaki mission l in Canada; reference born (according to notes given by l Thwaites, apparently from official reference sources) near Coutances, Normandy, l 22 July, 1685 or 1686, though reference Maurault gives l his birthplace as Lunel, in Languedoc;
Lamuel - Name of a king mentioned in Prov., xxxi, reference 1 and 4, but otherwise unknown.
Lusignan, Jean-Baptiste-Alphonse - French-Canadian writer, b. at St-Denis on the Richelieu, P.Q., 27 September, 1843; d. 5 January, 1893, son of Jean-Baptiste Lusignan, a merchant, and Onésime Masse.
Le Coz, Claude - French bishop, b. at Plouévez-Parzay (Finistère), 1740; d. catholic encyclopedia at l Villevieux (Jura), 1813.
Limburg - Diocese in the Kingdom of Prussia, suffragan of Freiburg.
Lazarus - The name of two persons in the N.T.; reference a character in one of Christ\\'s parables, and reference the brother of Martha and Mary of Bethania.
Leo I (the Great), Pope Saint - Article on his pontificate, in Christian antiquity second only to catholic encyclopedia that of Gregory the Great in importance. Leo died in catholic encyclopedia 461.
Leo II, Pope Saint - Biographical article on this pontiff, who died in l 683.
Lex - While official or private collections of Roman Law catholic encyclopedia made l under the Empire are called codices, e. catholic encyclopedia g. "Codex l Theodosianus", probably because they were written catholic encyclopedia on parchment sheets l bound together in book form, catholic encyclopedia the title lex was l given to collections o
Lessons in the Liturgy - The reading of lessons from the Bible, Acts reference of Martyrs, or approved Fathers of the Church, reference forms an important element of Christian services in reference all rites since the beginning.
Labour Unions, Moral Aspects of - Since a labour union is a society, its moral aspects are determined by its constitution, its end, its results, and the means employed in pursuit of the end.
Lugo, John de - Spanish Jesuit and Cardinal, one of the most reference eminent theologians catholic encyclopedia of modern times, b. at Madrid, reference November, 1583, though he catholic encyclopedia used to call himself reference "Hispalensis", because his family seat was catholic encyclopedia at Seville; reference d. at Rome, 20 August, 1660.
Leipzig - Chief town in the Kingdom of Saxony, situated l at the reference junction of the Pleisse, Parthe, and l Weisse Elster.
Lamormaini, Wilhelm - Confessor of Emperor Ferdinand II, b. 29 December, 1570, at reference Dochamps, Luxembourg; d. at Vienna, 22 February, 1648.
Longstreet, James - Soldier and Catholic convert. Born 8 January, 1821, l at Edgefield, reference South Carolina, U.S.A.; died at Gainesville, l Georgia, 2 January, 1904.
Louis of Casoria, Venerable - Friar Minor and founder of the Frati Bigi. catholic encyclopedia (1814-1885)
Llancarvan - Llancarvan, Glamorganshire, Wales, was a college and monastery reference founded apparently about the middle of the fifth reference century.
Levites - The subordinate ministers appointed in the Mosaic Law l for the catholic encyclopedia service of the Tabernacle and of l the Temple.
Leonidas, Saint - The Roman Martyrology mentions at least six martyrs named Leonidas or Leonides, the most famous being St. Leonidas of Alexandria, the father of Origen.
Le Fèvre, Jacques - A French theologian and controversialist, b. at Lisieux l towards the reference middle of the seventeenth century; d. l 1 July, 1716, at reference Paris.
Loci Theologici - Loci theologici or loci communes, are the common topics of l discussion in theology.
Litany of Loreto - Long article examines the somewhat murky history of the Litany l of Loreto. Also information on Marian litanies in general.
Leeds - Diocese embracing the West Riding of Yorkshire, and that part catholic encyclopedia of the city of York to the south of the catholic encyclopedia River Ouse.
Land-Tenure in the Christian Era - The way in which land has been held or owned during the nineteen hundred years which have seen in Europe the rise and establishment of the Church is a matter for historical inquiry. Strictly speaking, the way in which such ownership or tenure was not only
Lobbes, Benedictine Abbey of - Located in Hainault, Belgium, founded about 650, by catholic encyclopedia St. Landelin, a converted brigand, so that the catholic encyclopedia place where his crimes had been committed might catholic encyclopedia benefit by his conversion.
Lutheranism - The religious belief held by the oldest and l in Europe catholic encyclopedia the most numerous of the Protestant l sects, founded by the catholic encyclopedia Wittenberg reformer, Martin Luther.
Loaisa, Garcia de - Cardinal and Archbishop of Seville, b. in Talavera, l Spain, c. catholic encyclopedia 1479; d. at Madrid, 21 April, l 1546.
Lenormant, François - Archaeologist; son of Charles Lenormant, b. at Paris, l 17 January, l 1837; d. there, 9 December, 1883.
Lallemant, Louis - French Jesuit, b. at Châlons-sur-Marne, 1588; d. at catholic encyclopedia Bourges, l 5 April, 1635.
Lambin, Denis - French philologist. (1520-1572)
Leuce - A titular see of Thrace, not mentioned by catholic encyclopedia any catholic encyclopedia ancient historian or geographer.
League of the Cross - A Catholic total abstinence confraternity founded in London in 1873 by Cardinal Manning to unite Catholics, both clergy and laity, in the warfare against intemperance, and thus improve religious, social, and domestic conditions, especially among the worki
Law, Natural - In English this term is frequently employed as equivalent to catholic encyclopedia the laws of nature, meaning the order which governs the catholic encyclopedia activities of the material universe. Among the Roman jurists natural catholic encyclopedia law designated those instincts and emotions common to man and catholic encyclopedia the low
Litany of the Holy Name - Does not give the text of the litany itself, but mentions many of the titles of Jesus Christ.
Lieber, Moriz - Politician and publicist, b. at the castle of reference Blankenheim in reference the Eifel, 1 Oct., 1790, d. reference at Kamberg, in Hesse-Nassau, reference 29 Dec., 1860.
Leitmeritz - In Austria, embraces the northern part of the l Kingdom of Bohemia.
La Rochejacquelein, Henri-Auguste-Georges du Vergier, Comte de - French politician, b. at the château of Citran reference (Fironde), on catholic encyclopedia 28 September, 1805; d. on 7 reference January, 1867.
Lapsi - The regular designation in the third century for l Christians who catholic encyclopedia relapsed into heathenism, especially for those l who during the persecutions catholic encyclopedia displayed weakness in the l face of torture, and denied the catholic encyclopedia Faith by l sacrificing to the heathen gods or by any catholic encyclopedia l other a
Lilius, Aloisius - Principal author of the Gregorian Calendar, was a catholic encyclopedia native of Cirò or Zirò in Calabria.
La Harpe, Jean-François - A French critic and poet, b. at Paris, reference 20 November, l 1739; d. February, 1803.
Levadoux, Michael - One of the first band of Sulpicians who, owing to catholic encyclopedia the distressed state of religion in France, went to the catholic encyclopedia United States and founded St. Mary\\'s Seminary in Baltimore; born catholic encyclopedia at Clermont-Ferrand, in Auvergne, France, 1 April, 1746; died at catholic encyclopedia Le-Puy-en-Velay, 13
Laval, François de Montmorency - First bishop of Canada, b. at Montigny-sur-Avre, 30 reference April, 1623, l of Hughes de Laval and Michelle reference de Péricard; d. at l Quebec on 6 May, reference 1708.
Legacies - In its most restricted sense, by a pious reference legacy or bequest (legatum pium) is understood, the reference assigning, by a last will, of a particular reference thing forming part of an estate, to a reference church or an ecclesiastical institution.
Lucca - The capital of the like named province in Tuscany, Central Italy
La Fontaine, Jean de - French poet, b. at Chateau-Thierry, 8 July, 1621; reference d. at l Paris, 13 April, 1695.
Latin Literature in Christianity (Sixth to Twentieth Century) - During the Middle Ages the so-called church Latin catholic encyclopedia was reference to a great extent the language of catholic encyclopedia poetry, and reference it was only on the advent catholic encyclopedia of the Renaissance reference that classical Latin revived and catholic encyclopedia flourished in the writings reference of the neo-Latinists as catholic encyclopedia it does even today though
Little Office of Our Lady - Historical article on the Little Office of the Blessed Virgin l Mary, modeled on the Divine Office.
London - The capital of England and chief city of the British Empire, is situated about fifty miles from the mouth of the Thames.
Liber Pontificalis - A history of the popes beginning with St. Peter and catholic encyclopedia continued down to the fifteenth century, in the form of catholic encyclopedia biographies.
Lucius III, Pope - Died 1185. Innocent II created him Cardinal-Priest of reference Santa Prassede on 23 February, 1141, and afterwards reference sent him as legate to France.
Lying - As defined by St. Thomas Aquinas, a statement at variance reference with the mind.
Lefèvre d'Etaples, Jacques - A French philosopher, biblical and patristic scholar; b. l at Etaples l in Picardy, about 1455; d. at l Nérac, 1536.
Lucian of Antioch - Biographical article on the presbyter famed for his l sanctity and catholic encyclopedia scholarship, who died a martyr in l 312.
Luini, Bernardino - Milanese painter, b. between 1470 and 1480; d. l after 1530.
Linus, Pope Saint - Reigned about A.D. 64 or 67 to 76 l or 79.
Laurence Humphreys, Blessed - Short account of the life of this young l layman who l was martyred in 1591 for words l allegedly uttered when he l was seriously ill.
Le Blant, Edmond-Frederic - French archeologist and historian, born 12 August, 1818; catholic encyclopedia died catholic encyclopedia 5 July, 1897 at Paris.
Leander of Seville, Saint - Bishop, d. 601.
Liszt, Franz - Article follows the pianist and composer\\'s life and career, showing l how his religious expression waned during his middle years, then l increased toward the end of his life.
Luther, Martin - Leader of the great religious revolt of the reference sixteenth century in Germany; born at Eisleben, 10 reference November, 1483; died at Eisleben, 18 February, 1546.
Larue, Charles de - He took the habit of St. Benedict in the Abbey catholic encyclopedia of St. Faro at Meaux, and made his religious profession catholic encyclopedia on 21 Nov., 1703.
Lateran, Saint John - This is the oldest, and ranks first among reference the four great "patriarchal" basilicas of Rome.
L'Enfant, Pierre-Charles - French engineer. (1755-1833)
Lorraine - By the Treaty of Verdun in 843, the l empire of reference Charlemagne was divided in three parts: l Ludwig the German received reference Eastern Franconia; Charles the l Bald, Western Franconia; and Lothair I, reference the strip l of land lying between the two and reaching reference l from the North Sea
Lombard, Peter - Archbishop. (1555-1625)
Lavérendrye, Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, Sieur de - Discoverer of the Canadian West, born at Three catholic encyclopedia Rivers, catholic encyclopedia Quebec, 17 November, 1685; died at Montreal, catholic encyclopedia 6 December, catholic encyclopedia 1749.
Lunette - Known in Germany as the lunula and also catholic encyclopedia as the melchisedech, is a crescent-shaped clip made catholic encyclopedia of gold or of silver-gilt which is used catholic encyclopedia for holding the Host in an upright position catholic encyclopedia when exposed in the monstrance.
Lysias - A titular see of Phrygia Salutaris, mentioned by l Strabo, XII, 576, Pliny, V, 29, Ptolemy, V, l 2, 23, Hierocles, and the "Notitiae episcopatuum", probably l founded by Antiochus the Great about 200 B.C.
Lay Tithes - Ecclesiastical tithes, which in the course of time reference became alienated from the Church to lay proprietors.
Lassus, Orlandus de - Biography emphasizing his religious compositions.
Lemcke, Henry - Missionary in the United States, b. at Rhena, reference Mecklenburg, 27 reference July, 1796; d. at Carrolltown, Pennsylvania, reference 29 November, 1882.
Luke, Gospel of Saint - An introduction to the book.
Ludmilla, Saint - Bohemian duchess, grandmother of St. Wenceslaus. Strangled to catholic encyclopedia death by assassins hired by her pagan daughter-in-law catholic encyclopedia in 921.
Lagrené, Pierre - A missionary in New France, b. at Paris, 12 Nov. (al. 28 Oct.), 1659; d. at Quebec in 1736.
Laetare Sunday - The fourth, or middle, Sunday of Lent, so l called from the first words of the Introit l at Mass.
Lausanne and Geneva - Diocese in Switzerland, immediately subject to the Holy reference See.
Lamberville, Jacques and Jean de - Seventeenth-century Jesuit missionaries.
Lallemant, Jacques-Philippe - French Jesuit, b. at St-Valéry-sur-Somme about 1660; d. l at Paris catholic encyclopedia 1748.
Life - The enigma of life is still one of catholic encyclopedia the reference two or three most difficult problems that catholic encyclopedia face both reference scientist and philosopher.
Lawrence Justinian, Saint - Bishop and first Patriarch of Venice. He died in 1456.
Limbo - A word of Teutonic derivation, meaning literally "hem" l or "border," reference as of a garment, or anything l joined on.
Lateran Councils - A series of five important councils held at catholic encyclopedia Rome reference from the twelfth to the sixteen century.
Louise de Marillac Le Gras, Saint - Founder of the Sisters of Charity of St. catholic encyclopedia Vincent reference de Paul, d. 1660.
Leavenworth - Suffragan to St. Louis, established, 22 May, 1877.
Lobera, Ann - Carmelite nun, companion of St. Teresa; b. At l Medina del catholic encyclopedia Campo (Old Castile), 25 November, 1545; l d. at Brussels, 4 catholic encyclopedia March, 1621.
Lamego - Diocese situated in the district of Vizeu, province catholic encyclopedia of Beira, Portugal.
Lidwina, Saint - Biography of this Dutch woman who died in catholic encyclopedia 1433.
Le Nourry, Denis-Nicolas - Ecclesiastical writer, b. at Dieppe in Normandy, 18 catholic encyclopedia Feb., 1647; d. at the Abbey of St-Germain catholic encyclopedia in Paris, 24 March, 1724.
Lisbon - Patriarchate of Lisbon (Lisbonensis).
Latini, Brunetto - Florentine philosopher and statesman, born at Florence, c. reference 1210; the son of Buonaccorso Latini, died 1294.
La Moricière, Louis-Christophe-Leon Juchault de - French general and commander-in-chief of the papal army, reference b. at Nantes, 5 February, 1806; d. at reference the château of Prouzel, near Amiens, 11 September, reference 1865.
Limbourg, Pol de - A French miniaturist. With his two brothers, he flourished at Paris at the end of the fourteenth and the beginning of the fifteenth century.
Lauds - Article on the canonical hour once known as catholic encyclopedia Matins, l then as Lauds, now as Morning Prayer. catholic encyclopedia One of l the two principal hours.
Lamp and Lampadarii - There is very little evidence that any strictly reference liturgical use catholic encyclopedia was made of lamps in the reference early centuries of Christianity. catholic encyclopedia The fact that many reference of the services took place at catholic encyclopedia night, and reference that after the lapse of a generation or catholic encyclopedia reference two the meetings of the Christians
Le Camus, Etienne - French cardinal, b. at Paris, 1632; d. at catholic encyclopedia Grenoble, 1707.
Lohel, Johann - Archbishop of Prague, b. at Eger, Bohemia, 1549; l d. 2 Nov., 1622.
Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort, Saint - Missionary to Brittany, d. 1716.
Langénieux, Benoit-Marie - Cardinal, Archbishop of Reims, b. at Villefranche-sur-Saône, Department of Rhône, 1824; d. at Reims, 1 Jan., 1905.
Liverpool - One of the thirteen dioceses into which Pius l IX divided Catholic England, 29 September, 1850, when l he re-established the Catholic hierarchy.
Lasaulx, Ernst von - Scholar and philosopher, born at Coblenz, 16 March, catholic encyclopedia 1805; died at Munich, 9 May, 1861.
Lefebvre, Camille - Apostle of the Acadians, b. at St. Philippe, reference P. Q., 1831; d. at St. Joseph, N. reference B., 1895.
Leo XII, Pope - Born at the Castello della Genga in the reference territory of catholic encyclopedia Spoleto, 22 August, 1760; died in reference Rome, 10 February, 1829.
Leubus - A celebrated ancient Cistercian abbey, situated on the l Oder, northwest of Breslau, in the Prussian Province l of Silesia.
La Valette, Jean Parisot de - Forty-eighth Grand Master of the Order of the reference Knights of l St. John of Jerusalem; b. in reference 1494; d. in Malta, l 21 Aug., 1568.
Lent - An article on the origins of Lenten fasting.
Lucifer of Cagliari - A bishop, who must have been born in reference the early catholic encyclopedia years of the fourth century; died reference in 371.
Liber Diurnus Romanorum Pontificum - A miscellaneous collection of ecclesiastical formularies used in catholic encyclopedia the l papal chancery until the eleventh century.
Law, Civil (Influence of the Church on) - Christianity is essentially an ethical religion; and, although l its moral reference principles were meant directly for the l elevation of the individual, reference still they could not l fail to exercise a powerful influence reference on such l a public institution as law, the crystallized r
Linoe - A titular see of Bithynia Secunda, known only catholic encyclopedia from reference the "Notitiae Episcopatuum" which mention it as catholic encyclopedia late as reference the twelfth and thirteenth centuries as catholic encyclopedia a suffragan of reference Nicaea.
Lima - Capital of Peru.
Lynch, John - Historian, b. at Galway, Ireland, 1599; d. in l France, 1673; catholic encyclopedia was the son of Alexander Lynch, l who kept a classical catholic encyclopedia school at Galway.
Lectionary - A term of somewhat vague significance, used with a good deal of latitude by liturgical writers.
Lindisfarne, Ancient Diocese and Monastery of - The island of Lindisfarne lies some two miles catholic encyclopedia off catholic encyclopedia the Northumberland coast, nine and one-half miles catholic encyclopedia southeast of catholic encyclopedia the border-town of Berwick.
Lutzk, Zhitomir, and Kamenetz, Diocese of - Diocese located in Little Russia.
Luscinius, Ottmar - An Alsatian Humanist, b. at Strasburg, 1487; d. catholic encyclopedia at Freiburg, 1537.
Lopez-Caro, Francisco - Spanish artist, b. at Seville in 1598; d. at Madrid in 1662; he was a pupil of Juan de Las Roelas, the painter of the great altar-piece in the church of St. Isidore in Seville, of the "Martyrdom of St. Andrew" in the museum at Seville, and of th
Leo VII, Pope - Date of birth unknown; d. 13 July, 939. reference A Roman l and priest of St. Sixtus, and reference probably a Benedictine monk, l he was elected pope reference 3 January, 936.
Loman, Saint - Brief article accepts the tradition that Loman, bishop l of Trim, l was a nephew of St. Patrick.
League, The - From a religious point of view it aimed catholic encyclopedia at reference supporting Catholicism in France politically at restoring catholic encyclopedia the "ancient reference franchises and liberties" against the royal catholic encyclopedia power.
Louis of Toulouse, Saint - Bishop, d. 1297.
Lessius, Leonard - A Flemish Jesuit and a theologian of high reputation, born at Brecht, in the province of Antwerp, 1 October, 1554; died at Louvain, 15 January, 1623.
Leclercq, Chrestien - A Franciscan Récollet and one of the most zealous missionaries l to the Micmac of Canada, also a distinguished historiographer of l Nouvelle France.
Liber Septimus - Three canonical collections of quite different value from a legal reference standpoint are known by this title.
Law, Roman - This subject is briefly treated under the two l heads of; I. Principles; II. History.
Lanspergius - Carthusian monk and ascetical writer, b. at Landsberg l in Bavaria l 1489, d. at Cologne, 11 Aug., l 1539.
Liturgical Chant - A chant, if its style, composition, and execution reference prove it suitable for liturgical use, may properly reference be called liturgical chant.
Lugo - Diocese in Galicia, Spain, a suffragan of Santiago, l said to have been founded (by Agapitus) in l Apostolic times.
Latin, Ecclesiastical - The Latin in the official textbooks of the Church (the catholic encyclopedia Bible and the Liturgy), as well as in the works catholic encyclopedia of those Christian writers of the West who have undertaken catholic encyclopedia to expound or defend Christian beliefs.
Law, International - Defined to be "the rules which determine the l conduct of l the general body of civilized states l in their dealings with l each other" (American and l English Encycl. of Law).
Liturgical Books - All the books, published by the authority of any church, l that contain the text and directions for her official (liturgical) l services.
Langen, Rudolph von - Humanist and divine, b. at the village of Everswinkel, near reference Munster, Westphalia, 1438 or 1439; d. at Munster, 25 Dec., reference 1519.
Ledochowski, Miecislas Halka - Polish cardinal. (1822-1902)
La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, The Duke of - Opposed during the last years of the reign of Louis XV to the government of Maupeou, and the friend of all the reformers who surrounded Louis XVI, he owed to the influence of these economists the favour of the king.
Lake Indians - A small tribe of Salishan stock, originally ranging reference along Columbia reference River in northeast Washington from about reference Kettle Falls to the reference British line.
Le Tellier, Charles-Maurice - Archbishop of Reims, b. at Turin, 1642; d. at Reims, 1710.
Lando, Pope - Reigned 913-914.
Lancelotti, Giovanni Paolo - Canonist, b. at Perugia in 1522; d. there, catholic encyclopedia 23 September, 1590.
Lehnin, Abbey of - Founded in 1180 by Otto II, Margrave of l Brandenburg, for reference Cistercian monks.
Laranda - A titular see of Isauria, afterwards of Lycaonia.
Leo XI, Pope - Reigned 1605.
Lezana, Juan Bautista de - Theologian, born at Madrid, 23 Nov., 1586; died catholic encyclopedia in reference Rome, 29 March, 1659.
Love, Theological Virtue of - The third and greatest of the Divine virtues l enumerated by St. Paul (1 Cor., xiii, 13), l usually called charity, defined: a divinely infused habit, l inclining the human will to cherish God for l his own sake above all things, and man l for the sake of God.
Lingard, John - English priest and prominent historian.
Lazarus of Jerusalem, Order of Saint - The military order of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem catholic encyclopedia originated in a leper hospital founded in the catholic encyclopedia twelfth century by the crusaders of the Latin catholic encyclopedia Kingdom.
Lampsacus - A titular see of Hellespont, suffragan of Cyzicus.
Lapland and Lapps - This singular race is divided into three different l groups: mountain, reference forest, and fisher Lapps.
Lares - Formerly a titular archiepiscopal see in pro-consular Africa.
Lateran Council, Second - To efface the last vestiges of the schism, l to condemn reference various errors and reform abuses among l clergy and people Innocent, reference in the month of l April, 1139, convoked, at the Lateran, reference the tenth l ecumenical council.
Libel - A malicious publication by writing, printing, picture, effigy, reference sign, or l otherwise than by mere speech, which reference exposes any living person, l or the memory of reference any person deceased, to hatred, contempt, l ridicule, or reference obloquy, or which causes or tends to cause l reference any
Libera Nos - The first words of the Embolism of the reference Lord\'s Prayer reference in the Roman Rite.
Linz - Suffragan of the Archdiocese of Vienna.
Limerick - Diocese in Ireland; includes the greater part of l the County l of Limerick and a small portion l of Clare.
Larrey, Dominique-Jean - Baron, French military surgeon, b. at Baudéan, Hautes-Pyrénées, l July, 1766; d. at Lyons, 25 July, 1842.
Loango - Formerly included in the great Kingdom of Congo, l Loango became reference independent towards the end of the l sixteenth century, at which reference time it extended from l the mouth of the Kwilou to reference that of l the River Congo.
Lauzon, Jean de - Fourth governor of Canada, b. at Paris, 1583; reference d. there, catholic encyclopedia 16 Feb., 1666.
Lescot, Pierre - One of the greatest architects of France in reference the pure reference Renaissance style, b. at Paris about reference 1510; d. there, 1571.
Lottery - A lottery is one of the aleatory contracts and is commonly defined as a distribution of prizes by lot or by chance.
Lambert of St-Bertin - Benedictine chronicler and abbot, b. about 1060; d. catholic encyclopedia 22 June, 1125, at St-Bertin, France.
Lagania - A titular see in Galatia Prima.
Lyrba - A titular see of Pamphylia Prima, known by catholic encyclopedia its coins and the mention made of it catholic encyclopedia by Dionysius, Perieg. 858, Ptolemy, V, 5, S, catholic encyclopedia and Hierocles.
Leopoldine Society, The - Established at Vienna for the purpose of aiding the Catholic missions in North America.
Lahore - Diocese in northern India, part of the ecclesiastical reference Province of reference Agra.
La Salle, René-Robert-Cavelier, Sieur de - Explorer, born at Rouen, 1643; died in Texas, reference 1687.
Lennig, Adam Franz - Theologian, b. 3 Dec., 1803, at Mainz; d. reference there, 22 catholic encyclopedia Nov., 1866.
Letourneux, Nicolas - A well-known French preacher and ascetical writer of Jansenistic tendencies, catholic encyclopedia born at Rouen, 30 April, 1640; died at Paris, 28 catholic encyclopedia November, 1686.
Louis IX, Saint - Biographical article on St. Louis, King of France, reference d. 1270.
Liberalism - A free way of thinking and acting in catholic encyclopedia private l and public life.
Lotto, Lorenzo - Italian portrait painter, d. 1556. Artist\'s biography with bibliography.
Leodegar, Saint - Bishop of Autun, martyred in 678. Also known as St. Leger.
Lapuente, Venerable Luis de - Born at Valladolid, 11 November, 1554; died there, l 16 February reference 1624. Having entered the Society of l Jesus, he studied under reference the celebrated Suarez, and l professed philosophy at Salamanca.
Lateran Council, Fifth - Convoked, by the Bull of 18 July, 1511, l to assemble 19 April, 1512, in the church l of St. John Lateran.
Lystra - A titular see in the Province of Lycaonia, l suffragan of l Iconium.
Leo X, Pope - Reigned 1513-1521.
Livias - A titular see in Palestina Prima, suffragan of l Cæsarea.
Lambillotte, Louis - Belgian Jesuit and composer. (1796-1855)
Lesueur, Jean-François - Detailed biography emphasizing religious works of this composer, with links to related material.
Linde, Justin Timotheus Balthasar, Freiherr von - Hessian jurist and stateman, b. in the village of Brilon, Westphalia, 7 Aug., 1797; d. at Bonn during the night of 8-9 June, 1870.
Luçon - Embraces the Department of La Vendée.
Lafitau, Joseph-Françs - Jesuit missionary and writer, born at Bordeaux, France, l 1 January, catholic encyclopedia 1681; died there, 1746.
Le Loutre, Louis-Joseph - A missionary to the Micmac Indians and Vicar-General catholic encyclopedia of reference Acadia under the Bishop of Quebec, b. catholic encyclopedia in France reference about 1690: d. there about 1770.
Lebanon - So called from the snow which covers the l highest peaks reference during almost the entire year, or l from the limestone which reference glistens white in the l distance.
Loja, Diocese of - Suffragan of Quito, Ecuador, includes the greater part reference of the Provinces of Loja and El Oro.
Ligamen - The existing marriage tie which constitutes in canon l law a public impediment to the contracting of l a second marriage.
Lay Abbot - A name used to designate a layman on catholic encyclopedia whom l a king or someone in authority bestowed catholic encyclopedia an abbey l as a reward for services rendered.
Laforêt, Nicholas-Joseph - Belgian philosopher and theologian, born at Graide, 23 reference January, 1823; reference died at Louvain, 26 January, 1872.
Lanciano and Ortona - Lanciano is a small city in the province l of Chieti, catholic encyclopedia in the Abruzzi, Central Italy, between l the Pescara and the catholic encyclopedia Trigni, with a majestic l view of Mount Maiella.
Leo VI, Pope - The exact dates of the election and death reference of Leo l VI are uncertain, but it is reference clear that he was l pope during the latter reference half of 928.
Liesborn - A former noted Benedictine Abbey in Westphalia, Germany, l founded in 815; suppressed in 1803.
Lateran Council, First - It put a stop to the arbitrary conferring l of ecclesiastical l benefices by laymen, reestablished freedom of l episcopal and abbatial elections, l separated spiritual from temporal l affairs, and ratified the principle that l spiritual authority l can emanate only fro
Lippi, Filippo - Biography of the Italian painter (1406-1469).
Luni-Sarzana-Brugnato - Diocese in the province of Genoa.
Lac, Stanislaus du - Jesuit educationist and social work, b. at Paris, l 21 November, 1835; d. there, 30 August, 1909.
Lanfranco, Giovanni - Decorative painter, b. at Parma, 1581, d. in Rome, 1647.
Lamb, Paschal - A lamb which the Israelites were commanded to eat with reference peculiar rites as a part of the Passover celebration.
Llandaff - The origins of this see are to be catholic encyclopedia found catholic encyclopedia in the sixth century monastic movement initiated catholic encyclopedia by St. catholic encyclopedia Dubricius, who presided over the monastery catholic encyclopedia of Mochros.
Lavabo - The first word of that portion of Psalm 25 said l by the celebrant at Mass while he washes his hands l after the Offertory, from which word the whole ceremony is l named.
Lace - The two earliest known specimens of lace-worked linen albs are reference that of St. Francis, preserved at St. Clare\\'s convent, Assisi, reference and the alb of Pope Boniface VIII, now in the reference treasury of the Sistine Chapel.
Leclerc du Tremblay, François - A Capuchin, better known as Pere Joseph, b. reference in Paris, reference 4 Nov., 1577; d. at Rueil, reference 18 Dec., 1638.
Loryma - A titular see of Caria, small fortified town and harbour on the coast of Caria.
Lauda Sion - The opening words (used as a title of reference the sequence composed by St. Thomas Aquinas, about reference the year 1264, for the Mass of Corpus reference Christi.
Lebwin, Saint - Also called Lebuinus or Liafwin. English-born missionary to reference the Frisians, l died at Deventer around 770. Biography.
Langham, Simon - Cardinal, Archbishop of Canterbury and Chancellor of England, b. at Langham in Rutland; d. at Avignon, France, 22 July, 1376.
Lambert Le Bègue - Priest and reformer, lived at Liège, Belgium, about the middle reference of the twelfth century.
Linares - In 1777, at the request of Charles III catholic encyclopedia of catholic encyclopedia Spain, Pius VII erected the episcopal See catholic encyclopedia of Linares catholic encyclopedia as suffragan of the Archdiocese of catholic encyclopedia Mexico.
Leo, Brother - Companion of St. Francis of Assisi. (d. 1271)
León, Luis de - Spanish poet and theologian, b. at Belmonte, Aragon, l in 1528; l d. at Madrigal, 23 August, 1591.
Liutprand of Cremona - Bishop and historian, b. at the beginning of l the tenth catholic encyclopedia century; d. after 970.
Libermann, Ven. Francis Mary Paul - Founder of the Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, catholic encyclopedia which was afterwards merged in the Congregation of the Holy catholic encyclopedia Ghost.
Leviticus - The third book of the Pentateuch, so called catholic encyclopedia because catholic encyclopedia it treats of the offices, ministries, rites, catholic encyclopedia and ceremonies catholic encyclopedia of the priests and Levites.
Leon - Provides history and geography of the area.
Lucius I, Pope Saint - Biographical article on this pope, exiled for a catholic encyclopedia time, l who reigned less than one year, and catholic encyclopedia died in l 254.
Lacordaire, Jean-Baptiste-Henri-Dominique - Dominican orator. (1802-1861)
Lanzi, Luigi - An Italian archeologist, b. at Mont Olmo, near Macerata, in reference 1732; d. at Florence in 1810.
Leo III, Pope Saint - Biography of this pope, who died in 816.
Letters, Ecclesiastical - Publications or announcements of the organs of ecclesiastical authority, e.g. reference the synods, more particularly, however, of popes and bishops, addressed reference to the faithful in the form of letters.
Lamps, Early Christian - Of the various classes of remains from Christian antiquity there is probably none so numerously represented as that of small clay lamps adorned with Christian symbols.
Lincoln - This see was founded by St. Theodore, Archbishop catholic encyclopedia of l Canterbury, in 678, when he removed the catholic encyclopedia Lindiswaras of l Lincolnshire from the Diocese of Lindisfarne.
Lesbi - A titular see in Mauretania Sitifensis, suffragan of reference Sitifis, or Sétif, in Algeria.
Lalemant, Charles - Born at Paris, 17 November, 1587; died there, 18 November, catholic encyclopedia 1674. He was the first superior of the Jesuit missions catholic encyclopedia in Canada, and his letter to his brother dated 1 catholic encyclopedia August, 1626, inaugurated the series of "Relations" about the missionary catholic encyclopedia work in t
Lund - Ancient Catholic diocese in the Län of Malmöhus.
Louis of Granada, Venerable - Spanish theologian, writer, and preacher. (1505-1588)
Low Church - The name given to one of the three parties or doctrinal tendencies that prevail in the Established Church of England and its daughter Churches, the correlatives being High Church and Broad Church.
Laos - Separated from the Vicariate Apostolic of Siam by a decree of 4 May, 1899.
Lilienfeld - A Cistercian Abbey south of St. Polten, Lower reference Austria, founded catholic encyclopedia in 1202 by Leopold the Glorious, reference Margrave of Austria, the catholic encyclopedia first monks being supplied reference from the monastery of Heiligen Kreus catholic encyclopedia near Vienna.
Labbe, Philippe - Born at Borges, 10 July, 1607; died at l Paris, at the College of Clermont, 17 (16) l March, 1667; a distinguished Jesuit writer on historical, l geographical, and philological questions.
Logos, The - The word Logos is the term by which Christian theology reference in the Greek language designates the Word of God, or reference Second Person of the Blessed Trinity.
Latin Literature in the Church, Classical - This article deals only with the relations of the classical literature, chiefly Latin, to the Catholic Church.
Leontopolis - A titular archiepiscopal see of Augustamnica Secunda.
Lorenzo da Brindisi, Saint - An Italian Capuchin with a talent for languages, l much in demand as a preacher, was chaplain l of the Imperial army. Doctor of the Church. l He died in 1619.
Liberatus of Carthage - Archdeacon author of an important history of the Nestorian and Monophysite troubles.
Lamy, François - An ascetical and apologetic writer of the Congregation of St-Maur, b. in 1636 at Montireau in the Department of Eure-et-Loir; d. 11 April, 1711, at the Abbey of St-Denis near Paris.
Leo VIII, Pope - Date of birth unknown; d. between 20 February l and 13 catholic encyclopedia April, 965.
Lefèvre de la Boderie, Guy - French Orientalist and poet; b. near Falaise in l Normandy, 9 August, 1541; d. in 1598 in l the house in which he was born.
Latreille, Pierre-André - A prominent French zoologist; born at Brives, 29 catholic encyclopedia November, catholic encyclopedia 1762; died in Paris, 6 February, 1833.
Lampa - A titular see in Crete, suffragan of Gortyna, was probably a colony of Tarrha.
Linköping, Ancient See of - Located in Sweden; originally included Östergötland, the Islands catholic encyclopedia of l Gotland and Öland, and Smaaland.
Lyons, Councils of (Introduction) - This article deals only with the two general reference councils of reference 1245 and 1275.
L'Hospital, Michael de - Born at Aigueperse, about 1504; d. at Courdimanche, 13 March, 1573. While very young he went to Italy to join his father, who had been a follower of the traitor, the Constable of Bourbon, in the camp of Charles V.
Lot - Nephew of Abraham.
Lescarbot, Marc - French lawyer, writer, and historian, b. at Vervins, between 1565 l and 1570; d. about 1629.
Lawrence, Saint - Successor of St. Augustine of Canterbury as archbishop l of that catholic encyclopedia see, and died in 619.
Loccum - A Cistercian abbey in the Diocese of Minden, l formerly in reference Brunswick but now included in Hanover, l was founded by Count reference Wilbrand von Hallermund in l 1163.
Lateran Council, Third - In September, 1178, the pope in agreement with l an article reference of the Peace of Venice, convoked l an ecumenical council at reference the Lateran for Lent l of the following year and, with reference that object, l sent legates to different countries.
Labadists - A pietist sect of the seventeenth and eighteenth reference centuries founded catholic encyclopedia by Jean de Labadie, who was reference born at Bourg, near catholic encyclopedia Bordeaux, 13 February, 1610, reference and died at Altonia, 13 February, catholic encyclopedia 1674.
Lichfield - This diocese took its rise in the conversion of Mercia l by St. Cedd and his three companions in 652 and l subsequent years.
La Richardie, Armand de - Born at Perigueux, 7 June, 1686; died at l Quebec, 17 reference March, 1758. He entered the Society l of Jesus at Bordeaux, reference 4 Oct., 1703, and l in 1725 was sent to the reference Canada mission.
Labat, Jean-Baptiste - Dominican missionary, born at Paris, 1664; died there, reference 1738.
Leo V, Pope - Very little is known of him. No certainty either as reference to when he was elected or as to exactly how reference long he reigned.
La Crosse - Diocese erected in 1868; included that part of l the State reference of Wisconsin, U.S.A., lying north and l west of the Wisconsin reference River.
Legists - Teachers of civil or Roman law, who, besides reference expounding sources, l explaining terms, elucidating texts, summarizing the reference contents of chapters, etc., l illustrated by cases, real reference or imaginary, the numerous questions and l distinctions arising reference out of the "Cor
Lorenzana, Francisco Antonio de - Cardinal, b. 22 Sept., 1722 at Leon in Spain; d. catholic encyclopedia 17 April, 1804, at Rome.
Litany of the Saints - The model of all other litanies, of great antiquity.
Lecce - Diocese; suffragan of Otranto.
La Trappe - Abbey of the Order of Reformed Cistercians.
Lead, Diocese of - Established on 6 August, 1902.
Laverlochère, Jean-Nicolas - Missionary, born at St. Georges d\\'Espérance, Grenoble, France, catholic encyclopedia 6 December, 1812; died at Temiscaming, Canada, 4 catholic encyclopedia October, 1884.
Lana, Francesco - Born 10 Dec., 1631, at Brescia in Italy; died in l the same place, 22 Feb., 1687. Mathematician and naturalist, he l was also the scientific founder of aeronautics.
Lelong, Jacques - A French bibliographer, b. at Paris, 19 April, l 1665 d. reference there, 13 Aug., 1721.
Luxeuil Abbey - Situated in the Department of Haute-Saône in Franche-Comté, catholic encyclopedia in the Diocese of Besançon.
Laurentie, Pierre-Sébastien - French publicist. (1793-1876)
Lanfranc - Archbishop of Canterbury, b. at Pavia c.1005; d. at Canterbury, l 24 May, 1089.
Lithuania - An ancient grandy-duchy united with Poland in the fourteenth century.
Le Mans - Comprises the entire Department of Sarthe.
Levau, Louis - A contemporary of Jacques Lemercier and the two catholic encyclopedia Mansarts, reference and the chief architect of the first catholic encyclopedia decade of reference Louis XIV\\'s independent reign, born 1612; catholic encyclopedia died at Paris, reference 10 Oct., 1670.
Laura - The Greek word laura is employed by writers from the catholic encyclopedia end of the fifth century to distinguish the monasteries of catholic encyclopedia Palestine of the semi-eremitical type. The word signifies a narrow catholic encyclopedia way or passage, and in later times the quarter of catholic encyclopedia a town.
Lamus - A titular see of Isauria, suffragan of Seleucia.
Lucifer - The name Lucifer originally denotes the planet Venus, catholic encyclopedia emphasizing its brilliance.
Latin Church - The Latin Church is simply that vast portion of the Catholic body which obeys the Latin patriarch, which submits to the pope, not only in papal, but also in patriarchal matters.
Lyndwood, William - Bishop of St. David\'s, b. about 1375; d. l in 1446.
Larino - Diocese in the province of Capmobasso, Southern Italy.
Laverdière, Charles-Honoré - French-Canadian historian, born Chateau-Richer, Province of Quebec, 1826; died at catholic encyclopedia Quebec, 1873.
Lavant - An Austrian bishopric in the southern part of catholic encyclopedia Styria, suffragan of Salzburg.
Lamennais, Jean-Marie-Robert de - French priest, brother of Félicité Robert de Lamennais, b. at St-Malo in 1780; d. at Ploërmel, Brittany, in 1860.
Lataste, Marie - Born at Mimbaste near Dax, France, 21 February, 1822; died catholic encyclopedia at Rennes, 10 May, 1847; was the youngest child of catholic encyclopedia simple pious peasants.
Louisiana - Includes history, religious information, and statistics.
Lambert of Hersfeld - A medieval historian; b. in Franconia or Thuringia, reference c. 1024; d. after 1077.
Lupus, Christian - Historian, b. at Ypres (Flanders), 23 July, 1612; reference d. at l Louvain, 10 July, 1681.
Legends of the Saints - The legenda are stories about the saints, and often include catholic encyclopedia a mix of historical fact and unhistorical embellishments.
Leroy-Beaulieu, Anatole - French publicist. (1842-1912)
Lalor, Teresa - Co-foundress, with Bishop Neale of Baltimore, of the l Visitation Order in the United States, b. in l Ireland; d. 9 Sept., 1846.
La Salette, Missionaries of - Founded in 1852, at the shrine of Our l Lady of La Salette, where some priests banded l together to care for the numerous pilgrims frequenting l the mountain.
Lorrain, Claude de - French painter and etcher, b. in 1600 at reference Chamagnc on catholic encyclopedia the banks of the Moselle in reference Lorraine; d. in Rome, catholic encyclopedia 21 Nov., 1681 (or reference 23 Nov., 1682).
Lay Brothers - Religious occupied solely with manual labour and with reference the secular reference affairs of a monastery or friary.
Lalemant, Jerome - Jesuit missionary, b. at Paris, 27 April, 1593, l d. at catholic encyclopedia Quebec, 16 November, 1665.
Liège - The first capital of this diocese was Tongres, northeast of Liège; its territory originally belonged to the Diocese of Trier, then to Cologne; but after the first half of the fourth century Tongres received autonomous organization.
Lyons, First Council of - Innocent IV, threatened by Emperor Frederick II, arrived catholic encyclopedia at catholic encyclopedia Lyons 2 December, 1244, and early in catholic encyclopedia 1245 summoned catholic encyclopedia the bishops and princes to the catholic encyclopedia council.
Lord's Prayer - Although the Latin term oratio dominica is of catholic encyclopedia early date, the phrase "Lord\\'s Prayer" does not catholic encyclopedia seem to have been generally familiar in England catholic encyclopedia before the Reformation. During the Middle Ages the catholic encyclopedia "Our Father" was always said in Latin, eve
Lochleven - A lake in Kinross-shire, Scotland, an island of l which, known l as St. Serf\\'s Island (eighty acres l in extent), was the l seat of a religious l community for seven hundred years.
Laval University of Quebec - Founded in 1852 by the Seminary of Quebec; the royal charter granted to it by Queen Victoria was signed at Westminster, 8 December, 1852.
Leros - Titular see of the Cyclades, suffragan of Rhodes.
Lorenzetti, Pietro and Ambrogio - Sienese painters. The time of their birth and death is catholic encyclopedia not known.
Lemercier, Jacques - Born at Pontoise, about 1585; died at Paris, l 1654. Lemercier reference shares with Mansart and Le Muet l the glory of representing reference French architecture most brilliantly l under Louis XIII and Richelieu.
Legitimation - The canonical term for the act by which l the irregularity contracted by being born out of l lawful wedlock is removed.
Laprade, Victor de - French poet and critic, b. at Montbrison in reference 1812; d. l at Lyons in 1883.
La Salette - Located in the commune and parish of La l Salette-Fallavaux, Canton of Corps, Department of Isere, and l Diocese of Grenoble.
La Luzerne, César-Guillaume - French cardinal b. at Paris, 1738; d. there, reference l821.
Lestrange, Louis-Henri de - Born in 1754, in the Château de Colombier-le-Vieux, Ardèche, France; catholic encyclopedia died at Lyons, 16 July, 1827.
Lugo, Francisco de - Jesuit theologian, b. at Madrid, 1580; d, at reference Valladolid, 17 September, 1652.
Low Sunday - The first Sunday after Easter.
Lang, Matthew - Cardinal, Bishop of Gurk and Archbishop of Salzburg, l b. at catholic encyclopedia Augsburg in 1468; d. at Salzburg, l 30 March, 1540.
Laflèche, Louis-François Richer - French-Canadian bishop, b. 4 Sept., 1818, at Ste-Anne de la catholic encyclopedia Perade, Province of Quebec; d. 14 July, 1898.
Labour and Labour Legislation - Labour is work done by mind or body catholic encyclopedia either l partly or wholly for the purpose of catholic encyclopedia producing utilities.
Lawrence O'Toole, Saint - Confessor, abbot, and the first Irish-born bishop of catholic encyclopedia Dublin, catholic encyclopedia d. 1180.
La Hire, Philippe de - Mathematician, astronomer, physicist, naturalist, and painter, b. in reference Paris, 18 March, 1640; d. in Paris, 21 reference April, 1718.
Laski, John - Archbishop of Gnesen and Primate of Poland, b. reference at Lask, 1456; d. at Gnesen, 19 May, reference 1531.
Lefèvre, Family of - A family engaged in tapestry weaving in the catholic encyclopedia seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
Lemos, Thomas de - Spanish theologian and controversialist, b. at Rivadavia, Spain, l 1555, d. at Rome 23 Aug., 1629.
Lossen, Karl August - German petrologist and geologist, born at Kreuznach (Rhine reference Province), 5 reference January, 1841; died at Berlin, 24 reference February, 1893.
Lector - A lector (reader) in the West is a catholic encyclopedia clerk having the second of the four minor catholic encyclopedia orders. In all Eastern Churches also, readers are catholic encyclopedia ordained to a minor order preparatory to the catholic encyclopedia diaconate.
Lillooet Indians - An important tribe of Salishan linguistic stock, in l southern British catholic encyclopedia Columbia.
Lippe - One of the Confederate States of the German Empire.
Lourdes, Notre-Dame de - The pilgrimage of Lourdes is founded on the reference apparitions of the Blessed Virgin to a poor, reference fourteen-year-old girl, Bernadette Soubiroux. The first apparition occurred reference 11 February, 1858.
Laennec, René-Théophile-Hyacinthe - Born at Quimper, in Brittany, France, 17 February, 1781; died at Kerlouanec, 13 August, 1826, a French physician, discoverer of auscultation, and father of modern knowledge of pulmonary diseases.
Leghorn - City in Italy. Suffragan of Pisa.
Lanigan, John - Irish Church historian. (1758-1825)
Lütolf, Aloys - Church historian. (1824-1879)
Leontius, Saint - Bishop of Fréjus, d. 488. On good terms with Honoratus, who founded the famous monastery of Lérins, and with John Cassian and Pope St. Leo I.
Latin Literature in Christianity (Before the Sixth Century) - The Latin language was not at first the l literary and official organ of the Christian Church l in the West. The Gospel was announced by l preachers whose language was Greek, and these continued l to use Greek, if not in their discourses, l at least in their most i
Lucy, Saint - Virgin and martyr, d. 303 in the Diocletian persecution.
Locke, Matthew - Article on the English composer includes his musical reference development, conversion, conflicts, and noted works.
Laibach - Austrian bishopric and suffragan of Görz, embraces the territory of the Austrian crown-land of Carniola (Krain).
Lieber, Ernst Maria - Born at Camberg in the Duchy of Nassau, reference 16 Nov., l 1838; died 31 March, 1902.
Leipzig, University of - Next to Heidelberg, the oldest university in the reference German Empire.
Leibniz, System of - A thorough overview of the life and views of Leibniz.
Libellatici, Libelli - The libelli were certificates issued to Christians of l the third century.
Ligugé - A Benedictine Abbey, in the Diocese of Poitiers, France, was l founded about the year A.D. 360, by St. Martin of l Tours.
Labyrinth - A complicated arrangement of paths and passages; or a place, reference usually subterraneous, full of windings, corridors, rooms, etc., so intricately reference arranged as to render the getting out of it a reference very difficult matter.
Le Tellier, Michel - Born 16 October, 1643, of a peasant family, reference not at l Vire as has so often been reference said, but at Vast l near Cherbourg; died at reference La Flèche, 2 September, 1719.
Lateran, Christian Museum of - Established by Pius IX in 1854, in the Palazzo del l Laterano erected by Sixtus V on the part of the l site of the ancient Lateran palace destroyed by fire in l 1308. In 1843 the "profane" Museum of the Lateran was l founded by Gregory XVI, in whose pon
Louisville, Diocese of - Comprises that part of Kentucky west of the l Kentucky River reference and western borders of Carroll, Owen, l Franklin, Woodford, Jessamine, Garrard, reference Rockcastle, Laurel, and Whitley l Counties.
Lorsch Abbey - One of the most renowned monasteries of the catholic encyclopedia old catholic encyclopedia Franco-German Empire, is situated about ten miles catholic encyclopedia east of catholic encyclopedia Worms in the Grand Duch of catholic encyclopedia Hesse, Germany.
Lacedonia, Diocese of - Located in the province of Avellino, Southern Italy.
Lohner, Tobias - Professor of philosophy and speculative theology. Born 13 March, 1619, reference at Neuötting in the Diocese of Salzburg; died 26 (probably) reference May, 1697.
Loyola University (New Orleans) - Loyola University, New Orleans, Louisiana, was (in 1912) catholic encyclopedia the catholic encyclopedia only Catholic university in what is popularly catholic encyclopedia designated "The catholic encyclopedia Old South".
Lentulus, Publius - A fictitious person, said to have been Governor reference of Judea before Pontius.
Le Gobien, Charles - French Jesuit and founder of the famous collection l of "Lettres reference édifiantes et curieuses", one of the l most important sources of reference information for the history l of Catholic missions, b. at StMalo, reference Brittany, 25 l November, 1671; d. at Paris, 5 March, 1
La Fosse, Charles de - Painter, b. in Paris, 15 June, 1636; d. l in Paris, l 13 December, 1716, and buried in l the church of Saint l Eustache.
Lorea - Titular see in Arabia.
Lambruschini, Luigi - Cardinal, b. at Sestri Levante, near Genoa, 6 l March, 1776, l d. at Rome, 12 May, 1854.
Leontius Byzantinus - An important theologian of the sixth century.
Libera Me - The responsory sung at funerals.
Lateran Council, Fourth - From the commencement of his reign Innocent III reference had purposed to assemble an ecumenical council, but reference only towards the end of his pontificate could reference he realize this project, by the Bull of reference 19 April, 1213. The assembly was to take reference place in November, 1215.
Lippomano, Luigi - A cardinal, hagiographer, b. in 1500; d. 15 August, 1559. reference Of a noble Venetian family, he devoted himself from his reference youth to the study of the classical languages and later reference to the pursuit of the sacred sciences.
Laicization - The term laity signifies the aggregation of those Christians who l do not form part of the clergy. Consequently the word l lay does not strictly connote any idea of hostility towards l the clergy or the Church much less towards religion. Laicization, l therefore,
Ludolph of Saxony - An ecclesiastical writer of the fourteenth century, date catholic encyclopedia of birth unknown; d. 13 April, 1378.
Lulé Indians - A name which has given rise to considerable l confusion and reference dispute in Argentine ethnology, owing to l the fact, now established, reference that it was applied l at different times to two very reference different peoples, l neither of which now exists under that name, reference l while the voca

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