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An abbey nullius. As early as 200 the burial place of the great Apostle in the Via Ostia was marked by a cella memoriæ, near which the Catacomb of Comodilla was established.

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Son of Man - Several instances of its use are detailed.
Schools - History and development of education as related to the church.
Schelble, Johann Nepomuk - Musician, b. 16 May, 1789, at Huffingen in the Black Forest; d. there 6 Aug., 1837.
Sylvester Gozzolini, Saint - Founder of the Sylvestrines. Canon, hermit. Died 1267.
Saba and Sabeans - This Saba (Sheba) must not be confounded with catholic encyclopedia Saba catholic encyclopedia (Seba) in Ethiopia of Is., xliii, 3; catholic encyclopedia xlv, 14. catholic encyclopedia It lies in the Southern Arabian catholic encyclopedia Jôf about 200 catholic encyclopedia miles north-west of Aden.
Sebastopolis - A titular see in Armenia Prima, suffragan of s Sebastia. The primitive name of this city was s Carana, dependent on Zela, which was included in s the principality given toAteporix by Anthony of or s Augustus.
Schwarzenberg, Friedrich, Prince of - Cardinal and Prince-Archbishop of Prague, b. at Vienna, 6 April, catholic encyclopedia 1809; d. there, 27 March, 1885.
Slavonic Language and Liturgy - Although the Latin holds the chief place among the liturgical s languages in which the Mass is celebrated and the praise s of God recited in the Divine Offices, yet the Slavonic s language comes next to it among the languages widely used s throughout the world in
Syene - A titular see in Thebian Secunda, suffragan of catholic encyclopedia Ptolemais. Syene (Egyptian, Souanou, Coptic, Souan) was originally catholic encyclopedia the marketplace of the island of Elephantine (in catholic encyclopedia Egyptian, Abou).
Saint Benedict, Medal of - A medal, originally a cross, dedicated to the reference devotion in s honour of St. Benedict.
Smith, Thomas Kilby - U.S. General and journalist. Born at Boston, Mass., catholic encyclopedia 23 s Sept., 1820; died at New York, 14 catholic encyclopedia Dec., 1887.
Seattle - The Diocese of Seattle (Seattlensis) comprises the entire State of Washington, U.S.A.
Simon of Cramaud - French bishop. (1360-1422)
Switzerland - A confederation in the central part of Western s Europe, made reference up of twenty-two cantons, three of s which are divided into reference half-cantons.
Sully, Maurice de - Bishop of Paris, born of humble parents at catholic encyclopedia Sully-sur-Loire catholic encyclopedia (Soliacum), near Orléans, at the beginning of catholic encyclopedia the twelfth catholic encyclopedia century; died at Paris, 11 Sept., catholic encyclopedia 1196.
Sioux City - Comprises twenty-four counties in north-western Iowa.
Seton, William - Author, b. in New York, 28 Jan., 1835; d. there, catholic encyclopedia 15 Mar., 1905.
Shakespeare, Religion of - Thesis regarding the faith of the bard.
Syllabus - The name given to two series of propositions s containing modern catholic encyclopedia religious errors condemned respectively by Pius s IX (1864) and Pius catholic encyclopedia X (1907).
Santa Maria de Monserrato - An abbey nullius in Brazil.
Santa Maria (Brazil) - A Brazilian see, suffragan of Porto Alegre.
Society - Implies fellowship, company, and has always been conceived s as signifying a human relation.
Society, The Catholic Church Extension - The first active agitation for a church extension or home catholic encyclopedia mission society for the Catholic Church in North America was catholic encyclopedia begun in 1904 by an article of the present writer, catholic encyclopedia published in the "American Ecclesiastical Review" (Philadelphia).
Sign of the Cross - A term applied to various manual acts, liturgical or devotional in character, which have this at least in common: that by the gesture of tracing two lines intersecting at right angles they indicate symbolically the figure of Christ's cross.
São Carlos do Pinhal - Diocese; suffragan of the Archdiocese of São Paulo, catholic encyclopedia Brazil, South America, created on 7 June, l908.
Sigismund - King of Germany and Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, reference b. 15 February, 1361, at Nuremberg; d. at Znaim, Bohemia, reference 9 December, 1437.
Synoptics - The name given since Griesbach\\'s time (about 1790) to the first three canonical Gospels.
Sherborne Abbey - Located in Dorsetshire, England; founded in 998. Sherborne (scir-burne, clear s brook) was originally the episcopal seat of the Bishop of s Western Wessex, having been established as such by St. Aldhelm s (705).
Saint-Victor, Abbey of - In 1108 William of Champeaux retired to a s small hermitage reference dedicated to St. Victor, the martyr s soldier. He was followed reference by many disciples and s induced again to take up his reference lectures. Hence s the origin of the Royal Abbey and School reference s of St. Victor.
Schwane, Joseph - A theological writer, b. at Dorsten in Westphalia, catholic encyclopedia 2 catholic encyclopedia Aril, 1824; d. at Münster, 6 June, catholic encyclopedia 1892.
Sannazaro, Jacopo - Italian and Latin poet, b. at Naples, 28 July, 1458; reference d. at Rome, in Aug., 1530.
Selymbria - A titular see in Thracia Prima, suffragan of s Heraclea. Selymbria, s or Selybria, the city of Selys s on the Propontis, was s a colony of the s Megarians founded before Byzantium.
Sufetula - A titular see of North Africa. Sufetula seems to be Suthul where Jugurtha had deposited his treasures.
Ségur, Louis Gaston de - Prelate and French apologist, born 15 April, 1820, in Paris; reference died 9 June, 1881, in the same city.
Servia - A European kingdom in the north-western part of the Balkan peninsula.
Sansovino, Andrea Contucci del - Sculptor of the transition period at the end catholic encyclopedia of reference the fifteenth and beginning of the sixteenth catholic encyclopedia century. Born reference at Monte San Sovino, Arezzo, 1460; catholic encyclopedia died 1529.
Saxony, Albert of - Fourteenth-century philosopher.
States of the Church - Consists of the civil territory which for over 1000 years (754-1870) acknowledged the pope as temporal ruler.
Salmas - A Chaldean see, included in the ancient Archdiocese of Adhorbigan, s or Adherbaidjan.
Suspension (in Canon Law) - Usually defined as a censure by which a cleric is reference deprived, entirely or partially of the use of the power reference of orders, office, or benefice.
Schinner, Matthæus - Bishop, cardinal, and statesman, b. at Muhlbach in the Canton of Valais, Switzerland, about 1470; d. of the plague at Rome, l October, 1522.
Soli - A titular see in Cyprus, suffragan of Salamis.
Seleucians - A Gnostic sect who are said to have s flourished in reference Galatia.
Sidyma - A titular see in Lycia, suffragan of Myra; s mentioned by reference Ptolemy.
Seven Deacons - The seven men elected by the whole company of the reference original Christian community at Jerusalem and ordained by the Apostles, reference their office being chiefly to look after the poor and reference the common agape.
Stanfield, William Clarkson - English painter, b. at Sunderland, 1793; d. at s Hampstead, near London, 1867.
Scythopolis - A titular metropolitan of Palaestina Secunda. It is s the ancient reference Bethsan so often mentioned in the s Bible, as proved by reference texts in the writings s of Josephus.
Sykes, Edmund - Born at Leeds; martyred at York Tyburn 23 March, 1586-7.
Sabbas, Saint - St. Sabbas, or Sabas. Basilian monk, hermit, founded the monastery catholic encyclopedia at Mar Saba near Jerusalem. Died 532. Article also mentions catholic encyclopedia five other saints of this name.
Salt - Always used for the seasoning of food and reference for the catholic encyclopedia preservation of things from corruption, had reference from very early days catholic encyclopedia a sacred and religious reference character.
Strengnäs, Ancient See of - Located in Sweden.
Slavs, The - Customary name for all the Slavonic races.
Saint-Dié - Diocese comprising the Department of the Vosges.
San Marco and Bisignano - Diocese in the Province of Cosenza in Calabria, Italy.
Simeon Stylites the Elder, Saint - First and most famous of the hermits whose asceticism involved reference living atop a pillar. Died in 459.
Solicitation - Technically in canon law the crime of making use of the Sacrament of Penance, directly or indirectly, for the purpose of drawing others into sins of lust.
Scillium - A titular see in Africa Proconsularis, suffragan of Carthage. Perhaps catholic encyclopedia the name should be written Scilium: the real name was catholic encyclopedia possibly Scilli, or better, Scili.
Strahov, Abbey of - A Premonstratensian abbey at Prague, Bohemia, founded in 1149.
Silvester, Francis - Theologian, b. at Ferrara about 1474; d. at reference Rennes, 19 catholic encyclopedia Sept., 1526.
Saint Sylvester, Order of - The Order is neither monastic nor military but a purely honorary title created by Gregory XVI, 31 Oct., 1841.
Symphorosa, Saint - Martyr, d. circa 138. According to legend, her seven sons were martyred with her, and her acts were extant in the fifth century, but today we have no reliable testimonies about her life and martyrdom.
Sarajevo, Archdiocese of - Treatise about the development of the Church in Bosnia.
Stephen Harding, Saint - English Cistercian, confessor, the third abbot of Cîteaux, s d. 1134.
Savary - A noble French family of the seventeenth century devoted to s trade and to the publication of works on commercial matters.
Solomon, Psalms of - Eighteen apocryphal psalms, extant in Greek, probably translated catholic encyclopedia from s a Hebrew, or an Aramaic original, commonly catholic encyclopedia assigned to s the first century B.C.
San Severino - San Severino is a small town and seat of a bishopric in the Province of Macerata in the Marshes, Central Italy.
Scaramelli, Giovanni Battista - Ascetical writer, b. at Rome, 24 Nov., 1687; s d. at Macerata, 11 Jan., 1752.
Studion - Latin Studium, the most important monastery at Constantinople, catholic encyclopedia situated s not far from the Propontis in the catholic encyclopedia section of s the city called Psamathia.
Selinus - A titular see in Isauria, near the Gulf reference of Adalia. Selinus.
Symmachus the Ebionite - Author of one of the Greek versions of reference the Old Testament included by Origen in his reference Hexapla and Tetrapla. Some fragments of this version reference survive in what remains of the Hexapla.
Shroud of Turin - A relic now preserved at Turin, for which s the claim catholic encyclopedia is made that it is the s actual "clean linen cloth" catholic encyclopedia in which Joseph of s Arimathea wrapped the body of Jesus catholic encyclopedia Christ.
Salvete Christi Vulnera - The Roman Breviary hymn at Lauds of the s feast of the Most Precious Blood, is found s in the Appendix to Pars Verna of the s Roman Breviary (Venice, 1798).
Saint Vincent de Paul, Society of - International association of Catholic laymen engaging in personal service of the poor.
Spinola, Christopher Royas de - Bishop of Wiener-Neustadt, born of a noble Spanish reference family, near Roermond in Gelderland in 1626; died reference at Wiener-Neustadt, 12 March, 1695.
Sale - Saliensis. Diocese in Victoria, Australia, comprises all the territory known catholic encyclopedia as Gippsland.
Solsona - Diocese in Lerida, Spain, suffragan of Tarragona.
San Juan - Diocese in the Argentine Republic at the foot of the catholic encyclopedia Cordillera of the Andes.
Settignano, Desiderio da - Artist, born at Settignano, Tuscany, 1428; died at reference Florence, 1463.
Sirmond, Jacques - Scholar of the seventeenth century, born at Riom catholic encyclopedia in s the Department of Puy-de-Dome, France, October, 1559; catholic encyclopedia died in s Paris, 7 October 1651.
Saint Joseph's College, University of - Founded in 1864 by Rev. Camille Lefebvre in reference Memramcook, New catholic encyclopedia Brunswick, Canada.
Semmes, Raphael - Naval officer, b. in Charles County, Maryland, U.S.A., reference 27 September, catholic encyclopedia 1809; d. at Point Clear, Alabama, reference 26 August, 1877.
Saint Louis (Missouri) - Created a diocese 2 July, 1826; raised to the rank catholic encyclopedia of an archdiocese 20 July, 1847.
Stephens, Thomas - Known as the first Englishman in India. Born about 1549 reference at Bulstan, Wiltshire; died in 1619 at Goa, India.
Suárez, Francisco - Article on his life, teachings and works, by catholic encyclopedia A. Perez Goyena.
Strasburg - German diocese immediately dependent on the Papal See.
Sutton, Sir Richard - Co-founder of Brasenose College, Oxford, date of birth catholic encyclopedia unknown; catholic encyclopedia d. September or October, 1524.
Surius, Laurentius - Hagiologist, born at the Hanseatic city of Lübeck, catholic encyclopedia 1522; reference died at Cologne, 23 May, 1578.
Spee, Friedrich Von - A poet, opponent of trials for witchcraft, born at Kaiserswerth on the Rhine, 25 February, 1591; died at Trier 7 August, 1635.
Sabbatine Privilege - The name Sabbatine Privilege is derived from the reference apocryphal Bull reference "Sacratissimo uti culmine" of John XXII, reference 3 March, 1322.
Salome - Daughter of Herod Philip and Herodias at whose request John reference the Baptist was beheaded.
Sainctes, Claude de - French controversialist, b. at Perche, 1525; d. at catholic encyclopedia Crèvecoeur, catholic encyclopedia 1591.
South Carolina - One of the thirteen original colonies of the United States.
Saint Boniface - Archdiocese; the chief ecclesiastical division of the Canadian West, so-called after the patron saint of the German soldiers who were among its first settlers.
Sebastian Newdigate, Blessed - Martyred at Tyburn in 1535 for denying the royal supremacy.
Steinle, Eduard Von - An historical painter, born at Vienna, 2 July, 1810; died s at Frankfort, 19 Sept., 1886.
Slavery and Christianity - Discusses the history.
Sigüenza - Diocese in Spain, suffragan of Toledo.
Sergiopolis - A titular see in Augusta Euphratensis, suffragan of Hierapolis.
Seleucids - The name given to the Macedonian dynasty, which reference was founded by Seleucus, a general under Alexander reference the Great.
Slythurst, Thomas - Slythrust, Thomas, English confessor, born in Berkshire; died catholic encyclopedia in catholic encyclopedia the Tower of London, 1560.
Socorro - Diocese in Colombia.
Squiers, Herbert Goldsmith - Army officer and diplomatist; b. at Madoc, Canada, 20 April, reference 1859; d. at London, 19 Oct., 1911.
Sehna, Diocese of - A Chaldean see, erected in 1853, its subjects catholic encyclopedia being reference partly in Persia and partly in Turkey catholic encyclopedia at Suleimanieh.
Salvation - Salvation has in Scriptural language the general meaning of liberation from straitened circumstances or from other evils, and of a translation into a state of freedom and security.
San Gallo - A celebrated family of architects, sculptors, painters, and engravers, which flourished in Italy during the Renaissance period, from the middle of the fifteenth to the end of the sixteenth century. The founder of the family was Francesco Giamberti (1405-8
Sierra Leone - Comprises the English colony of that name and catholic encyclopedia the catholic encyclopedia surrounding territory from French Guinea on the catholic encyclopedia north and catholic encyclopedia east to Liberia on the south.
Spallanzani - A distinguished eighteenth-century scientist, b. at Scadiano in Modena, Italy, catholic encyclopedia 10 January, 1729; d. at Pavia, 12 February, 1799.
Shen-si, Southern - The southern part of Shen-si was entrusted in 1885 to s the Seminary of Sts. Peter and Paul, established at Rome s by Pius IX, 1874.
Sorbonne - This name is frequently used in ordinary parlance catholic encyclopedia as catholic encyclopedia synonymous with the faculty of theology of catholic encyclopedia Paris.
Smith, James - Journalist, b. at Skolland, in the Shetland Isles, catholic encyclopedia about catholic encyclopedia 1790; d. Jan., 1866.
Szatmár - Diocese in Hungary, suffragan of Eger, from which it was formed, by King Francis I, at the same time as the See of Kassa.
Spiritual Exercises of Saint Ignatius - A short work composed by St. Ignatius of catholic encyclopedia Loyola catholic encyclopedia and written originally in Spanish.
Santa Agata dei Goti, Diocese of - In the Province of Benevento, Southern Italy; the reference city, situated on a hill at the base reference of Monte Taburno, includes an ancient castle.
Scotland, Established Church of - The religious organization which has for three centuries reference and a half claimed the adherence of the reference majority of the inhabitants of Scotland, may be reference said to date from August 1560.
Sanchez, Thomas - Religious scholar/author - Born at Cordova, 1550; died in the college of Granada, 19 May, 1610.
São Luiz de Maranhão - Diocese; suffragan of Belém de Pará, comprises the State of reference Maranhão in Northern Brazil.
Sekanais - A Déné tribe whose habitat is on both catholic encyclopedia sides catholic encyclopedia of the Rockies.
Staphylus, Friedrich - Theologian, born at Osnabrück, 27 Aug., 1512; died reference at Ingolstadt, 5 March, 1564.
Szujski, Joseph - Born at Tarnow, 1835; d. at Cracow, 1883.
Serapion, Saint - Bishop and theological author. Died 211.
Speculation - A term used with reference to business transactions catholic encyclopedia to signify the investing of money at a catholic encyclopedia risk of loss on the chance of unusual catholic encyclopedia gain.
Schäftlarn - Formerly a Premonstratensian, now a Benedictine, abbey, situated on the Isar not far from Munich in Upper Bavaria. It was founded in 762 by the priest Waltrich and dedicated to St. Dionysius.
Savigny, Karl Friedrich - Diplomatist (1814-1875)
Scaliger, Julius Caesar - Article by Paul Lejay on this scholar\'s life reference and writings.
Sena, Balthasar - Indian missionary and philologist, b. at Barcelona, Spain, s about 1590; s d. at Guarambare, Paraguay, 19 July, s 1614.
Strossmayer, Joseph Georg - Josip Juraj, Bishop of Diakovár, born at Essegg catholic encyclopedia in Croatia-Slavonia, 4 February, 1815; died 8 April, catholic encyclopedia 1905.
Sarpi, Paolo - A Servite and anti-papal historian and statesman, b. catholic encyclopedia at s Venice, 14 August, 1552; d. there 14 catholic encyclopedia or 15 s January, 1623.
Schneeman, Gerard - Born at Wesel, Lower Rhine, 12 Feb., 1829; d. at reference Kerkrade, Holland, 20 Nov., 1885.
Saavedra, Fajardo Diego de - Statesman and author, b. at Algezares, Murcia, Spain, reference in 1584; catholic encyclopedia d. at Madrid in 1648.
Saint Paul (Minnesota) - Archdiocese comprising the counties of Ramsey, Hennepin, Chisago, catholic encyclopedia Anoka, Dakota, Scott, Wright, Rice, Lesueur, Carver, Nicollet, catholic encyclopedia Sibley, Meeker, Redwood, Renville, Kandiyohi, Lyon, Lincoln, Yellow catholic encyclopedia Medicine, Lac-Qui-Parle, Chippewa, Swift, Goodhue, Big Sto
Schrader, Clement - Jesuit theologian, b. at Itzum, in Hanover, Nov., s 1820; d. catholic encyclopedia at Poitiers 23 Feb., 1875.
Setebo Indians - Tribe of Panoan linguistic stock formerly centering about the confluence of the Manoa with the Ucayali River, Loreto province, north-eastern Peru.
Syndic, Apostolic - A layman, who in the name, and by the authority, s of the Holy See assumes the care and civil administration s of the temporalities and in particular the pecuniary alms destined s for the support and benefit of Franciscan convents, and thence s provides for the r
Spanish-American Universities - The University of St. Mark\\'s at Lima enjoys the reputation catholic encyclopedia of being the oldest in America; it has the distinction catholic encyclopedia of having first begun its course by royal decree.
Saint Thomas of Guiana - Diocese; suffragan of Caracas, erected by Pius VI on 19 Dec., 1791, comprises the former state of Bermúdez, districts of Nueva Esparta and Guayana, and territories of Amazonas, Caura, Colón, Orinoco, and Yuruary, in the south and east of Venezuela.
San León del Amazonas - Prefecture Apostolic in Peru.
Slander - The attributing to another of a fault of s which one reference knows him to be innocent.
Sikhism - The religion of a warlike sect of India, having its catholic encyclopedia origin in the Punjab and its centre in the holy catholic encyclopedia City of Amritsar, where their sacred books are preserved and catholic encyclopedia worshipped.
Stabat Mater - The opening words of two companion hymns, one reference of which reference (Stabat Mater Dolorosa) is in liturgical reference use, while the other reference (Stabat Mater Speciosa) is reference not.
Siletz Indians - The collective designation for the rapidly dwindling remnant of some catholic encyclopedia thirty small tribes, representing five linguistic stocks - Salishan, Yakonan, catholic encyclopedia Kusan, Takelman, and Athapascan.
Songish Indians - A tribe of some importance formerly holding the catholic encyclopedia south catholic encyclopedia coast of Vancouver Island, B.C.
Stephen of Tournai - Canonist, born at Orléans, 1128; died at Tournai, catholic encyclopedia September, s 1203.
Severus, Alexander - An article by Thomas J. Shahan on the catholic encyclopedia emperor reference who was born at Acco in Palestine catholic encyclopedia in 208, reference and murdered by his mutinous soldiers catholic encyclopedia at Sicula on reference the Rhine.
Sacred Heart of Jesus, Missionaries of the - A religious congregation of priests and lay brothers s with the object of promoting the knowledge and s practice of devotion to the Heart of Jesus s as embodied in the revelations to Margaret Mary s Alacoque.
Slomsek, Anton Martin - Slomek, Anton Martin, Bishop of Lavant, in Maribor, reference Styria, Austria, catholic encyclopedia noted Slovenian educator, born 1800; died reference 24 Sept., 1862.
Syria - A country in Western Asia, which in modern reference times comprises s all that region bounded on the reference north by the highlands s of the Taurus, on reference the south by Egypt, on the s east by reference Mesopotamia and the Arabia Desert, and on the s reference west by the Mediterranean.
Salve Regina - The opening words (used as a title) of s the most reference celebrated of the four Breviary anthems s of the Blessed Virgin reference Mary.
Sala, George Augustus Henry - Journalist, b. in London, 24 Nov., 1828; d. reference at Brighton, 8 Dec., 1895, having been received reference into the Church before death.
Sinai - The mountain on which the Mosaic Law was given.
Sophronius - Bishop of Constantina or Tella in Osrhoene, was a relative of Ibas, Bishop of Edessa, and apparently of the same theological tendency, i. e. strongly anti-Monophysite and liable to be suspected of Nestorianism.
Satala - A titular see in Armenia Prima, suffragan of s Sabastia.
Sonora, Diocese of - Republic of Mexico; suffragan of the Archdiocese of Durango.
Silveira, Ven. Goncalo da - Pioneer missionary of South Africa, b. 23 Feb, catholic encyclopedia 1526, catholic encyclopedia at Almeirim, about forty miles from Lisbon; catholic encyclopedia martyred 6 catholic encyclopedia March, 1561.
Sibylline Oracles - The name given to certain collections of supposed s prophecies, emanating s from the sibyls or divinely inspired s seeresses, which were widely s circulated in antiquity.
Schlegel, Friedrich von - Poet, writer on aesthetics, and literary historian, the s "Messias" of catholic encyclopedia the Romantic School, b. at Hanover, s 10 March, 1772; d. catholic encyclopedia at Dresden, 12 January, s 1829.
Sasima - A titular see in Cappadocia. Sasima is mentioned s only in catholic encyclopedia three non-religious documents.
Supernatural Order - The ensemble of effects exceeding the powers of the created reference universe and gratuitously produced by God for the purpose of reference raising the rational creature above its native sphere to a reference God-like life and destiny.
Sodor and Man - Ancient diocese.
Sulpicius Severus - An ecclesiastical writer, born of noble parents in s Aquitaine c. 360; died about 420-25.
Saint Gall - A Swiss bishopric directly subject to the Holy See. It includes the Canton of St. Gall and, as a temporary arrangement, the two half-cantons of Appenzell Outer Rhodes and Appenzell Inner Rhodes.
Sardes - A titular see of Lydia, in Asia Minor reference probably the s ancient Hyde of Homer (Iliad, II, reference 844; XX, 385), at s the foot of Mount reference Tmolus.
Saint-Simon, Louis de Rouvroy, Duc de - Born 16 January, 1675; died in Paris, 2 March, 1755.
Swetchine, Sophie-Jeanne Soymonof - Writer, b. at Moscow, 22 Nov., 1782; d. catholic encyclopedia in reference Paris, 10 Sept., 1857.
Simonians - A Gnostic, Antinomian sect of the second century reference which regarded Simon Magus as its founder and reference which traced its doctrines back to him.
Shan-tung, Vicariate Apostolic of Southern - On 2 Jan., 1882, the then vicar Apostolic of Shan-tung, catholic encyclopedia Rt. Rev. Mgr. D. Cosi, elected as pro-vicar Apostolic for catholic encyclopedia the southern part of his vicariate Father John Baptist Anzer, catholic encyclopedia a member of the Steyl Seminary.
Stigmata, Mystical - Their existence is so well established historically that, reference as a s general thing, they are no longer reference disputed by unbelievers, who s now seek only to reference explain them naturally.
Spinoza, Benedict - Belonged to a family of Jewish merchants of moderate means, and was originally called Baruch. Born at Amsterdam, 24 Nov., 1632; died at The Hague, 21 Feb., 1677.
Shrines of Our Lady and the Saints in Great Britain and Ireland - Location and origins of shrines.
Squamish Indians - A considerable tribe of Salishan linguistic stock, speaking a distinct catholic encyclopedia language, holding the territory about Squamish River and Howe Sound, catholic encyclopedia above Fraser River in South-western British Columbia.
Sculpture - In the widest sense of the term, sculpture catholic encyclopedia is the art of representing in bodily form catholic encyclopedia men, animals, and other objects in stone, bronze, catholic encyclopedia ivory, clay and similar materials.
Seminary, Ecclesiastical - The word seminary (Fr. séminaire, Ger. Seminar) is s sometimes used, reference especially in Germany, to designate a s group of university students reference devoted to a special s line of work. The same word reference is often s applied in England and the United States to reference s young ladies' acad
Society of Jesus, The - Comprehensive information about the past of the Jesuit catholic encyclopedia order.
Schedel, Hartmann - German Humanist and historian, b. at Nuremberg, 13 s February, 1440; d. there on 28 November, 1514.
Sozomen, Salaminius Hermias - One of the famous historians of the early Church, born reference at Bethelia, a small town near Gaza in Palestine.
Scannabecchi, Filippo - Bolognese painter, born about 1360; died about 1410.
Sedia Gestatoria - The Italian name of the portable papal throne s used on s certain solemn occasions in the pontifical s ceremonies.
Sloth - One of the seven capital sins. In general it means disinclination to labour or exertion.
Surin, Jean-Joseph - Born 1600; died at Bordeaux, 1665. He belonged to the Society of Jesus, and enjoyed celebrity for his virtues, his trials, and his talents as a spiritual director.
Stanbrook Abbey - An abbey of Benedictine nuns, midway between Malvern and Worcester, England.
Serpieri, Alessandro - Scientist known for work in astronomy and seismology, reference b. at catholic encyclopedia S. Giovanni in Marignano, near Rimini, reference 31 Oct., 1823; d. catholic encyclopedia at Fiesole, 22 Feb., reference 1885.
Sevigne, Madame de - Writer, b. at Paris, 6 Feb., 1626; d. catholic encyclopedia at reference Grignan, 18 April, 1696. She was the catholic encyclopedia granddaughter of reference St. Jane Frances de Chantal.
Sandals, Episcopal - Unlike the ancient sandals, which consisted merely of s soles fastened s to the foot by straps, the s episcopal sandals are in s the form of low s shoes, and resemble slippers.
Sfondrati, Celestino - Prince-abbot of St. Gall and cardinal, b. at Milan, 10 reference January, 1644, d. at Rome, 4 September, 1696.
Schaepman, Herman - Orator, poet, and statesman, b. at Tubbergen, Holland, 2 March, 1844; d. at Rome, 21 Jan., 1903.
Sext - Article on the midday office.
Siloe - A pool in the Tyropoean Valley, just outside catholic encyclopedia the south wall of Jerusalem, where Jesus Christ catholic encyclopedia gave sight to a man born blind.
San Xavier del Bac, Mission of - One of the eight missions founded by the Spanish Padres s between 1687 and 1720 in the Pimeria Alta, within the s present limits of the State of Arizona.
Stapf, Joseph Ambrose - Theologian, born at Fliess in the valley of s the Upper s Inn in the Tyrol, Austria, 15 s August, 1785; died at s Brixen, 10 January, 1844.
Shrovetide - Some history behind Carnival.
Sebenico - Suffragan of Zara. Sebenico was the seat of s a bishop catholic encyclopedia before the establishment of a see.
Socialism - A system of social and economic organization that catholic encyclopedia would substitute state monopoly for private ownership of catholic encyclopedia the sources of production and means of distribution.
Sardinia - The second largest Italian island in the Mediterranean.
Spencer, The Hon. George - Passionist, b. at the Admiralty, London, 21 Dec., s 1799; d. reference at Carstairs, Scotland, 1 Oct., 1864.
Salve Mundi Salutare - A poem in honour of the various members reference of Christ catholic encyclopedia on the Cross.
Samaria - A titular see, suffragan of Cæsarea in Palestine reference Prima. In s the sixth year of his reign reference (about 900 B. C.) s Amri, King of Israel, reference laid the foundations of the city s to which reference he gave the name of Samaria, "after the s reference name of Semer the owner of the hill"
Suicide - The act of one who causes his own death, either s by positively destroying his own life, as by inflicting on s himself a mortal wound or injury, or by omitting to s do what is necessary to escape death, as by refusing s to leave a burning house.
Sens - Archdiocese comprising the Department of the Yonne.
Schaumburg-Lippe - A German principality, surrounded by the Prussian province catholic encyclopedia of s Westphalia Hanover, and an exclave of the catholic encyclopedia Prussian province s of Hesse-Nassau (the Prussian County of catholic encyclopedia Schaumburg).
Seckau - Diocese in Styria, Austria, suffragan of Salzburg. The See of s Seckau was founded by Archbishop Eberhard II of Salzburg, with s the permission of Honorius III, 22 June, 1218.
Stoning in Scripture - At first an expression of popular fury analogous reference to "lynching", reference later came to be a natural reference and legally recognized method reference of execution.
Sylvester, Bernard, of Chartres - A twelfth-century philosopher of Neo-Platonic tendencies.
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha - One of the Saxon-Thuringian duchies.
Stonyhurst College - History of the school, which dates back to reference a period considerably prior to its foundation on reference English soil in 1794.
Sophists - A group of Greek teachers who flourished at the end of the fifth century B.C.
Simeon of Durham - Chronicler, d. 14 Oct., between 1130 and 1138.
Severian - Bishop of Gabala in Syria, in the fourth s and fifth centuries. Regarded by his contemporaries as s a good preacher, known as the author of s Biblical commentaries and sermons.
Scholz, John Martin Augustine - German Orientalist and exegete, b. at Kapsdorf, near Breslau, 8 catholic encyclopedia Feb., 1794; d. at Bonn, 20 Oct. 1852. He studied catholic encyclopedia in the Catholic gymnasium and the University of Breslau.
Segorbe - Diocese in Spain, bounded on the north by catholic encyclopedia Castellón catholic encyclopedia and Teruel, on the east by Castellón, catholic encyclopedia on the catholic encyclopedia south by Valencia, and on the catholic encyclopedia west by Valencia catholic encyclopedia and Teruel.
Sinaloa - Diocese in the Republic of Mexico, suffragan of s the Archdiocese catholic encyclopedia of Durango.
Servants of Mary (Order of Servites) - Order founded on the feast of the Assumption, reference 1233 when the Blessed Virgin appeared to seven reference noble Florentines.
Science and the Church - Dicsusses the relationship between the two subjects.
Stadler, John Evangelist - Bavarian hagiographer, b. at Parkstetten, in the Diocese reference of Ratisbon, reference 24 Dec., 1804; d. at Augsburg, reference 30 Dec., 1868.
Sanctuary - A consecrated place of refuge.
Schlosser, John Frederick Henry - Jurist - b. at Frankfort-on-the-Main, 30 December, 1780; d. there s 22 January, 1851.
Spirito Santo - Suffragan of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro, catholic encyclopedia established in 1896.
Savona and Noli - Province of Genoa, on the Gulf of Genoa.
Schism, Western - Only a temporary misunderstanding, even though it compelled s the Church s for forty years to seek its s true head; it was s fed by politics and s passions, and was terminated by the s assembling of s the councils of Pisa and Constance.
Sibour, Marie-Dominique-Auguste - Born at Saint-Paul-Trois-Chateaux (Drome, France), 4 August, 1792; catholic encyclopedia died catholic encyclopedia in Paris, 3 January, 1857.
Spalato-Macarsca (Salona) - Suffragan of Zara.
Saxe-Meiningen - A Saxon-Thuringian duchy. The duchy came into existence s in 1681, as the result of the various s succession agreements among the seven sons of Duke s Ernest the Pious of Saxe-Gotha.
San Salvador - The name given by Columbus to his first reference discovery in reference the New World. It is one reference of the Bahama group reference of islands.
Smith, Richard (Bishop of Chalcedon) - Bishop of Chalcedon, second Vicar Apostolic of England; reference b. at Hanworth, Lincolnshire, Nov., 1568.
Saint Albert - Diocese in Canada.
Salt Lake, Diocese of - Includes the State of Utah, and slightly more s than half of the State of Nevada.
Schols, Charles Mathieu - Member of the Royal Academy of Sciences. Born catholic encyclopedia of Catholic parents at Maastriche, Holland, 28 March, catholic encyclopedia 1849; died at Delft 17 March, 1897.
Sudan - The Vicariate Apostolic of Sudan or Central-Africa.
Schottenklöster - A name applied to the monastic foundations of s Irish and Scotch missionaries on the European continent, s particularly to the Scotch Benedictine monasteries in Germany, s which in the beginning of the thirteenth century s were combined into one congregation.
Saltillo, Diocese of - Diocese in the Republic of Mexico, suffragan of Linares, or catholic encyclopedia Monterey.
Servants of the Most Blessed Sacrament - An order of nuns, founded by the Venerable Pierre-Julien Eymard.
Salvatierra, Juan Maria - Missionary born at Milan, 15 November, 1648; died at Guadalajara, s 17 July, 1717.
Saint Mark, University of - The highest institution of learning in Peru, located at Lima, under the official name of Universidad Mayor de San Marcos. Reputed to be the oldest university in the New World, created by a royal decree of 12 May, 1551.
Sanseverino, Gaetano - Restorer of the Scholastic philosophy in Italy, b. at Naples, 1811; d. there of cholera, 16 Nov., 1865.
Sestini, Benedict - Astronomer, mathematician, b. at Florence, Italy, 20 March, s 1816; d. catholic encyclopedia at Frederick, Maryland, 17 Jan., 1890.
Semites - The term Semites is applied to a group s of peoples catholic encyclopedia closely related in language, whose habitat s is Asia and partly catholic encyclopedia Africa.
Saint George's - Diocese in Newfoundland. Beginning at Garnish it takes in the western portion of the south coast and then stretches along the Gulf of St. Lawrence, northwards, almost as far as the Straits of Belle Isle, lying between 55° 20\\' and 59° 30' west longitude
Saint Petersburg - The imperial residence and second capital of Russia, reference lies at reference the mouth of the Neva on reference the Gulf of Finland.
Sabbath - The seventh day of the week among the s Hebrews, the reference day being counted from sunset to s sunset, that is, from reference Friday evening to Saturday s evening.
Scholasticism - A term used to designate both a method s and a system. It is applied to theology s as well as to philosophy.
Sophonias (Zephaniah) - The ninth of the twelve Minor Prophets of reference the Canon of the Old Testament; preached and reference wrote in the second half of the seventh reference century B.C.
Schorlemer-Alst, Burghard Freiherr von - Social reformer, b. at Heringhausen, Westphalia, 21 Oct., 1825; d. s at Alst, 17 March, 1895.
Serena, Diocese of La - Embracing Atacama and Coquimbo provinces (Chile), suffragan of Santiago, erected 1 July, 1840.
Sichem - An Israelite city in the tribe of Ephraim, the first capital of the Kingdom of Israel.
Saul - First King of Israel.
Socrates - Fourth-century Church historian.
Shan-si, Vicariate Apostolic of Northern - Highlights of the history of Catholicism in this reference Chinese province.
São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro - Ecclesiastical province of Rio de Janeiro, the third reference of the s seven constituting the Brazilian episcopate.
Sanetch Indians - A sub-tribe of the Songish Indians.
Slaves - A tribe of the great Déné family of catholic encyclopedia American s Indians, so called apparently from the fact catholic encyclopedia that the s Crees drove it back to its catholic encyclopedia original northern haunts.
Stoss, Veit - Sculptor, b. at Nuremberg in 1438; d there reference in 1533.
Stockholm - The capital of the Kingdom of Sweden, situated catholic encyclopedia on s Lake Maelar at the spot where it catholic encyclopedia opens into s the Saltsjö.
Seleucia Pieria - Titular metropolis of Syria Prima. The city was founded near s the mouth of the Orontes, not far from Mount Casius, s by Seleucus Nicator about 300 B.C.
Seven-Branch Candlestick - One of the three chief furnishings of the catholic encyclopedia Holy of the Tabernacle and the Temple. In catholic encyclopedia reality it was an elaborate lampstand, set on catholic encyclopedia the south side of the Holy Place.
Stapleton, Thomas - Controversialist, born at Henfield, Sussex, July, 1535; died s at Louvain, reference 12 Oct., 1598.
Scribes - In the New-Testament period the scribes were the s professional interpreters s of the Law in the Jewish s synagogues.
São Luiz de Cáceres - Diocese in Brazil, suffragan of Cuyabá.
San Martino al Cimino - A prelature nullius in the territory of the Diocese of Viterbo, Province of Rome.
Sobieski, John - Born at Olesko in 1629; died at Wilanow, 1696; son reference of James, Castellan of Cracow and descended by his mother reference from the heroic Zolkiewski, who died in battle at Cecora.
Seraphim - A Hebrew masculine plural form, designates a special reference class of reference heavenly attendants of Yahweh's court.
Steinamanger - Located in Hungary, suffragan of Gran, founded in catholic encyclopedia 1777 under Queen Maria Theresa.
Seraphina Sforza, Blessed - Forced by her husband to enter the Poor s Clares, d. reference 1478.
Sydney - The vast territories formerly known as New Holland reference and Van catholic encyclopedia Dieman\\'s Island and since 1900 as reference The Commonwealth of Australia catholic encyclopedia were erected to the reference Vicariate Apostolic of New Holland in catholic encyclopedia 1834.
Secchi, Angelo - Astronomer, b. at Reggio in Emilia, Italy, 18 reference June, 1818; d. 26 Feb., 1878.
Schmalzgrueber, Francis Xavier - Canonist, b. at Griesbach, Bavaria, 9 Oct., 1663; d. at Dillingen 7 Nov., 1735.
Santa Catharina - Diocese; suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Porto reference Alegre (São Pedro do Rio Grande), in Brazil, reference South America, created in 1906.
Salvianus - Fifth-century Latin writer.
Schwenckfeldians - The name of a Protestant sect founded by the nobleman Caspar von Schwenckfeld (b. at Ossig in Silesia in 1489 or 1490; d. at Ulm 10 December, 1561).
Sorbait, Paul de - Physician, b. in Hainault, 1624; d. at Vienna, 19 April, reference 1691.
Savigny, Abbey of - Situated on the confines of Normandy and Brittany, Diocese of Coutances, France. Founded by Vital de Mortain, Canon of the Collegiate Church of St. Evroul.
Saint Andrews and Edinburgh - The exact date of the foundation of the See of s St. Andrews is, like any others in the earliest history s of the Scottish Church, difficult, if not impossible, to fix.
Stalls - Seats in a choir, wholly or partly enclosed reference on the catholic encyclopedia back and sides.
Saint John's University - The legal title of a Catholic boarding-school at Collegeville, Minnesota, conducted by the Benedictine Fathers of St. John's Abbey.
Sainte-Claire Deville, Henri-Etienne - Chemist, b. at St. Thomas, West Indies, 11 s March, 1818; d. at Boulogne, 1 July, 1881.
Stephen (II) III, Pope - Unanimously elected in St. Mary Major\\'s and consecrated s on 26 catholic encyclopedia March (or 3 April), 752; d. s 26 April, 757.
Solemnity - The word solemnity is here used to denote reference the amount of intrinsic or extrinsic pomp with reference which a feast is celebrated.
Skoda, Josef - Celebrated clinical lecturer and diagnostician and, with Rokitansky, reference founder of catholic encyclopedia the modern medical school of Vienna, reference b. at Pilsen in catholic encyclopedia Bohemia, 10 December, 1805; reference d. at Vienna, 13 June, 1881.
Simony - Usually defined "a deliberate intention of buying or selling for reference a temporal price such things as are spiritual of annexed reference unto spirituals".
Saint Joseph, Diocese of - The City of St. Joseph, Missouri, was founded catholic encyclopedia by Joseph Robidoux, a Catholic. At the Second catholic encyclopedia Plenary Council of Baltimore in 1866, St. Joseph catholic encyclopedia was among the new episcopal sees proposed.
Sandwich Isands - Vicariate Apostolic comprising all the islands of the Hawaiian group.
Siberia - A Russian possession in Asia forming the northern reference third of catholic encyclopedia that continent.
Snorri Sturluson - Historian, born at Hvammr, 1178; died 1241.
Siunia - A titular see, suffragan of Sebastia in Armenia Prima.
Syrian Rite, West - The rite used by the Jacobite sect in reference Syria and s by the Catholic Syrians is in reference its origin simply the s old rite of Antioch reference in the Syriac language.
Siam - Siam, "the land of the White Elephant" or catholic encyclopedia the country of the Muang Thai (the Free).
Sylvester I, Pope Saint - In office for 21 years, while Constantine was s emperor. St. Sylvester died in 335.
Superstition - From supersisto, "to stand in terror of the reference deity".
Subsidies, Episcopal - Since the faithful are obliged to contribute to s the support s of religion, especially in their own s diocese, a bishop may s ask contributions for diocesan s needs from his own subjects, and s particularly from s the clergy.
Salamanca, University of - Spanish university. Had its beginning in the Cathedral School under s the direction, from the twelfth century, of a magister scholarum s (chancellor).
Santiago, University of - Founded in 1501 by Diego de Muros (Bishop reference of the reference Canaries), and Lope Gómez Marzo, who reference on 17 July, 1501, reference executed a public document reference establishing a school and academy for reference the study reference of the humanities.
Shea, John Dawson Gilmary - American historian (1824-1892).
Slavery, Ethical Aspect of - In Greek and Roman civilization slavery on an extensive scale formed an essential element of the social structure; and consequently the ethical speculators, no less than the practical statesmen, regarded it as a just and indispensable institution.
Sadducees - A politico-religious sect of the Jews during the catholic encyclopedia late post-Exile and New-Testament period. The old derivation catholic encyclopedia of the name from tsaddiqim, i.e. the righteous; catholic encyclopedia with assumed reference to the adherence of the catholic encyclopedia Sadducees to the letter of the Law as catholic encyclopedia opposed to t
Silvia, Saint - The mother of St. Gregory the Great. She reference died in about 592.
Simplicius, Faustinus and Beatrice, Saints - Two brothers and their sister, all martyrs in the Diocletian persecution.
Simon of Sudbury - Archbishop of Canterbury. (d. 1381)
Sassoferrato, Giovanni Battista Salvi da - Seventeenth-century Italian artist.
Sámar and Leyte - The names of two civil provinces in the Visayan group of the Philippines.
Saint Albans, Abbey of - Located in Hertfordshire, England; founded about 793 by reference Offa, king of the Mercians.
Schools, Clerks Regular of the Pious - Called also Piarists, Scolopli, Escolapios, Poor Clerks of s the Mother of God, and the Pauline Congregation, s a religious order founded in Rome in 1597 s by St. Joseph Calasanctius.
Squillace - Suffragan diocese of Reggio, in Calabria, Southern Italy.
Societies, Catholic, American Federation of - An organization of the Catholic laity, parishes, and reference societies under the guidance of the hierarchy, to reference protect and advance their religious, civil, and social reference interests.
Santa Lucia del Mela - Prelature nullius within the territory of the Archdiocese catholic encyclopedia of Messina, Sicily.
Shea, Sir Ambrose - Born in Newfoundland, 17 Sept., 1815; d. in London, 30 s July, 1905.
Son of God - Includes uses from the Old and New Testaments.
Sant' Angelo de' Lombardi - Diocese in the Province of Avellino, Southern Italy. The city was established by the Lombards at an unknown period.
Simon of Cremona - Augustinian writer and preacher. (d. 1390)
Seal - The use of a seal by men of catholic encyclopedia wealth reference and position was common before the Christian catholic encyclopedia era. It reference was natural then that high functionaries catholic encyclopedia of the Church reference should adopt the habit as catholic encyclopedia soon as they became reference socially and politically important.
Statistics, Ecclesiastical - Includes a history of their keeping.
Solari - A family of Milanese artists, closely connected with the cathedral catholic encyclopedia and with the Certosa near Pavia.
Stephen I, Pope Saint - Reigned 254-257.
Somaliland - A triangular-shaped territory in the north-eastern extremity of catholic encyclopedia Africa, catholic encyclopedia projecting into the ocean towards the island catholic encyclopedia of Socotra; catholic encyclopedia its apex is at Cape Guarafui.
Scherer-Boccard, Theodore, Count von - A Swiss Catholic journalist and politician; b. at catholic encyclopedia Dornach in the canton of Solothurn, 12 May, catholic encyclopedia 1816; d. at Solothurn, 6 Feb., 1885.
Scotism and Scotists - Article on the school of philosophy inspired by catholic encyclopedia John Duns Scotus, and its proponents in the catholic encyclopedia fourteenth through nineteenth centuries.
Selgas y Carrasco, José - Poet and novelist, b. at Lorca, Murcia, Spain, s 1824; d. at Madrid, 5 Feb., 1882.
Saint Bonaventure, College of - At Quaracchi, near Florence, Italy, famous as the catholic encyclopedia centre s of literary activity in the Order of catholic encyclopedia Friars Minor, s was founded 14 July, 1879, by catholic encyclopedia Mgr. Bernardino del s Vago, Archbishop of Sardis, then catholic encyclopedia minister general of the s order.
Suburbicarian Dioceses - A name applied to the dioceses nearest Rome, viz. Albano, s Frascati (Tusculum), Palestrina, Sabina, Ostia and Velletri, Porto and S. s Rufina, the bishops of which form the order of cardinal s bishops.
Steffani, Agostino - A titular Bishop of Spiga, diplomatist and musician, s born at catholic encyclopedia Castelfranco in the Province of Treviso, s in 1655; died at catholic encyclopedia Frankfort in 1728 or s 1730.
Sant' Angelo in Vado and Urbania - Diocese; S. Angelo in Vado is a city in the s Marches, on the site of the ancient "Tifernum Metaurense", a s town of the Umbrian Senones, near the River Metaurus, believed s to have been destroyed by the Goths.
Schism, Eastern - From the time of Diotrephes (III John 1:9-10) s there have been continual schisms, of which the s greater number were in the East.
Species - In scholastic terminology, species is the necessary determinant reference of every catholic encyclopedia cognitive process.
Silence - All writers on the spiritual life uniformly recommend, s nay, command catholic encyclopedia under penalty of total failure, the s practice of silence.
Sánchez, Alonzo Coello - Painter - Born at Benyfayro, Valenciz, Spain, in reference 1513 or reference 1515; died at Madrid, 1590.
Schelstrate, Emmanuel - Theologian, b. at Antwerp, 1649; d. at Rome, s 6 April, catholic encyclopedia 1692. While he was a canon s of the cathedral of catholic encyclopedia Antwerp, he was called s to Rome by Innocent IX and catholic encyclopedia made an s assistant librarian of the Vatican Library.
Spondanus, Henri - A convert from Calvinism, Bishop of Pamiers, and one of the continuators of Baronius, born at Mauléon, 6 January, 1568; died at Toulouse, 18 May, 1643.
Siricius, Pope Saint - Siricius condemned Jovinian, but this did not spare reference the pope s from criticism by St. Jerome.
Stone, Mary Jean - Writer and scholar, born at Brighton, Sussex, in 1853; died catholic encyclopedia at Battle, Sussex, 3 May, 1908.
Semipelagianism - A doctrine of grace advocated by monks of s Southern Gaul catholic encyclopedia at and around Marseilles after 428.
Schönborn - The name of a German noble family, many s members of catholic encyclopedia which were prelates of the Church.
Sergius I, Pope Saint - Reigned 687-701
Stones, Precious, in the Bible - Stones remarkable for their colour, brilliancy, or rarity.
Substance - A genus supremum, cannot strictly be defined by an analysis reference into genus and specific difference; yet a survey of the reference universe at large will enable us to form without difficulty reference an accurate idea of substance.
Sion - Titular see in Asia Minor suffragan of Ephesus.
Simpson, Richard - Born 1820; died near Rome, 5 April, 1876.
Saint Bartholomew's Day - This massacre of which Protestants were the victims reference occurred in Paris on 24 August, 1572 (the reference feast of St. Bartholomew), and in the provinces reference of France during the ensuing weeks, and it reference has been the subject of knotty historical disputes.
Sands, Benjamin and James - U.S. Navy admirals.
Scopia - Archdiocese, ancient residence of the early Servian rulers catholic encyclopedia is catholic encyclopedia the modern Uscub.
Sadoleto, Jacopo - Cardinal, humanist, and reformer (1477-1547)
Soto, Dominic - Dominican, renowned theologian, b. at Segovia, 1494; d. catholic encyclopedia at s Salamanca, 15 Nov., 1560.
Samaritan Language and Literature - History of the changes in the language as affected by the changing religious and ethnic culture of the land.
Scoto-Hibernian Monasteries - A convenient term under which to include the reference monastic institutions which were founded during the sixth reference century in the country now known as Scotland, reference though that name was not used in its reference present sense until four hundred years later.
Sipibo Indians - A numerous tribe of Panoan linguistic stock, formerly reference centring about the Pisqui and Aguaitia tributaries of reference the upper Ucayali River, Province of Loreto, north-eastern reference Peru, and now found as boatmen or labourers reference along the whole course of that stream.
Sandomir - Ancient Polish city with existing traces of prehistoric construction.
Stedingers - A tribe of Frisian peasants in Northern Germany who revolted against their lord, the Archbishop of Bremen, and had to be subdued by arms.
Samosata - A titular see in Augusta Euphratensis, suffragan of reference Hierapolis, capital s of Commagenum.
Salimbene degli Adami - Chronicler, b. at Parma, 9 Oct., 1221; d. s probably at reference Montefalcone about 1288.
Santo Domingo, Archdiocese of - Erected on 8 August, 1511, by Julius II who by reference the Bull "Pontifex Romanus" on that date established also the reference Sees of Concepción de la Vega and of San Juan reference of Porto Rico.
Sarabaites - A class of monks widely spread before the time of catholic encyclopedia St. Benedict.
Sportelli, Venerable Caesar - Lawyer and priest, born at Nola in Bari, Italy, 29 March, 1702; died at Pagani, 19 April, 1750.
Shields, James - Military officer, b. in Dungannon County Tyrone, Ireland, reference 12 Dec., s 1810; d. at Ottumwa, Iowa, 1 reference June, 1879.
Stuhlweissenburg - Diocese in Hungary, and Suffragen of Gran. It was formed in 1777 from the dioceses of Gyor and Veszprem.
Sergius III, Pope - Reigned 904-911.
Schubert, Franz - Composer (1797-1829).
Santa Marta - Diocese in Colombia, erected in 1535, its first catholic encyclopedia bishop catholic encyclopedia being Alfonso do Tobes.
Scammon, Ellakim Parker - Educator, b. at Whitefield, Maine, U.S.A., 27 Dec., catholic encyclopedia 1816; s d. at New York, 7 Dec., 1894.
Stuart, Henry Benedict Maria Clement - Cardinal, Duke of York, known by the Jacobites catholic encyclopedia as "Henry IX, King of Great Britain, France, catholic encyclopedia and Ireland"; born at Rome, 11 March, 1725; catholic encyclopedia died at Frascati, 13 July, 1807.
Scala Sancta (Holy Stairs) - Consisting of twenty-eight white marble steps, at Rome, catholic encyclopedia near reference the Lateran; according to tradition the staircase catholic encyclopedia leading once reference to the prætorium of Pilate at catholic encyclopedia Jerusalem, hence sanctified reference by the footsteps of Our catholic encyclopedia Lord during his Passion.
Schmid, Christoph von - Writer of children\\'s stories and educator, b. at catholic encyclopedia Dinkelsbuehl, in Bavaria, 15 Aug., 1768; d. at catholic encyclopedia Augsburg in 1854.
Simone da Orsenigo - A Lombard architect and builder of the fourteenth century whose memory is chiefly connected with the cathedral of Milan in the course of its erection.
Sullivan, Peter John - Soldier, lawyer, born at Cork, Ireland, 15 March, reference 1821; died reference at Cincinnati, Ohio, 2 March 1883.
Saint John - Diocese in the Province of New Brunswick, Canada.
Syra - A Latin diocese, suffragan of Naxos, comprising the s Island of catholic encyclopedia Syra of the Cyclades in the s Ægean Sea.
Suitbert, Saint - Born in England, studied in Ireland, accompanied St. Willibrord on reference his missionary journeys. Died in 713.
Steinmeyer, Ferdinand - Jesuit missionary, born in Swabia, Germany, 13 Oct., 1720; died reference at Philadelphia, 17 Aug., 1786.
Sin - A moral evil.
Sharpe, James - English priest (1577-1630).
Sambuga, Joseph Anton - Theologian, b. at Walldorf near Heidelberg, 9 June; s 1752; d. reference at Nymphenburg near Munich 5 June, s according to Sailer, but reference 5 January according to s other statements, 1815.
Sodality - It would not be possible to give a catholic encyclopedia definition making a clear distinction between the sodalities catholic encyclopedia and other confraternities; consequently the development and history catholic encyclopedia of the sodalities are the same as those catholic encyclopedia of the religious confraternities.
Saint Cloud - A suffragan of the Archdiocese of St. Paul, reference Minn., comprises catholic encyclopedia the counties of Stearns, Sherburne, Benton, reference Morrison, Mille Lacs, Kanabec, catholic encyclopedia Grant, Pope, Stevens, Isanti, reference Traverse, Douglas, Wilkin, Otter-Tail, Todd, Wadena, catholic encyclopedia in the reference State of Minnesota, an area o
Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary, Congregation of the - Better known as the Congregation of Picpus, was founded by Father Coudrin, b. at Coursay-les-Bois, in Poiton on 1 March, 1768.
Scriptorium - A large room set apart in a monastery for the catholic encyclopedia use of the scribes or copyists of the community.
Szentiványi, Martin - Born at Szentivàn, 20 October, 1633; died at Nagy-Szombàt (Tyrnau), reference 5 March, 1708. He entered the Society of Jesus in reference 1653, and was professor of Scripture for five years at reference Vienna and Nagy-Szombàt, professor of mathematics and philosophy for nine reference years
Spagni, Andrea - Educator and author, born at Florence, 8 Aug., 1716; died at Rome, 16 Sept., 1788.
Saint Paul-without-the Walls - An abbey nullius. As early as 200 the catholic encyclopedia burial place of the great Apostle in the catholic encyclopedia Via Ostia was marked by a cella memoriæ, catholic encyclopedia near which the Catacomb of Comodilla was established.
Saint Hyacinthe - Diocese in the Province of Quebec, suffragan of Montreal.
Schwann, Theodor - German physiologist and founder of the theory of s the cellular structure of animal organisms; b. at s Neuss, 7 December, 1810; d. Cologne, 11 January, s 1882.
Somerset, Thomas - Confessor, born about 1530; died in the Tower of London, catholic encyclopedia 27 May, 1587; second son of Henry, second Earl of catholic encyclopedia Worcester.
Shuswap Indians - A tribe of Salishan linguistic stock, the most reference important of reference that group in British Columbia, formerly reference holding a large territory reference on middle and upper reference Thompson River, including Shuswap, Adams, and reference Quesnel Lakes.
Secret - The prayer said in a low voice by the celebrant at the end of the Offeratory in the Roman Liturgy.
Stoics and Stoic Philosophy - The Stoic School was founded in 322 B.C. by Zeno s of Cittium and existed until the closing of the Athenian s schools (A.D. 429).
Scholliner, Herman - Theologian and historian, b. at Freising in Bavaria, 15 January, 1722; d. at Welchenberg, 16 July, 1795.
Simon of Cascia - Italian preacher and writer. (d. 1348)
Sacramentals - In instituting the sacraments Christ did not determine catholic encyclopedia the matter and form down to the slightest catholic encyclopedia detail, leaving this task to the Church, which catholic encyclopedia should determine what rites were suitable in the catholic encyclopedia administration of the sacraments. These rites are indicated catholic encyclopedia by
Sherson, Martin - English priest and confessor. One of the Dilati, catholic encyclopedia b. 1563; d. 1588.
Scots College, The - Clement VIII gave Scotland its college at Rome. The Bull of foundation, dated 5 December, 1600, conferred on the college all the privileges already enjoyed by the Greek, German, and English colleges.
Station Days - Days on which in the early Church fast s was observed until the Hour of None (between s twelve and three o\\'clock), later of Sext (nine s to twelve), as distinct from the strict observance s of the fast day proper until Vespers (three s to six).
Sheridan, Philip Henry - General, U.S. Army. Born at Albany, N.Y., U.S.A., 6 March, s 1831; died at Nonquitt, Mass, 5 August, 1888.
Séez - Diocese embracing the Department of Orne. Re-established by catholic encyclopedia the Concordat of 1802.
Shepherd, John - English musical composer (1512-1563)
Synaus - A titular see in Phrygia Pacatiana, suffragan of s Laodicea.
Sociology - The claims of sociology to a place in the hierarchy reference of sciences are subjected to varied controversy. It has been reference held that there is no distinct problem for a science reference of sociology, no feature of human society not already provided reference for in the accepted social
Santini, Giovanni Sante Gaspero - Astronomer, b. at Caprese in Tuscany, 30 Jan., catholic encyclopedia 1787; d. at Padua, 26 June, 1877.
Salamanca - Article on the Spanish diocese.
Stephen, Saint - On the deacon, and first Christian martyr. Article suitable for teenagers and adults.
Salisbury, Ancient Diocese of - The diocese was originally founded by Birinus, who s in 634 catholic encyclopedia established his see at Dorchester in s Oxfordshire, whence he evangelized catholic encyclopedia the Kingdom of Wessex. s From this sprang the later Dioceses catholic encyclopedia of Winchester, s Sherborne, Ramsbury, and Salisbury.
Sara - Wife of Abraham and also his step-sister.
Stephens, Henry Robert - Belgian theologian, born of English parentage at Liège, reference 5 August, 1665; died there, 15 June, 1723.
Salto - Diocese in Uruguay, suffragan to Montevideo.
Scheffmacher, John James - Jesuit theologian b. at Kientzheim, Alsace, 27 April, catholic encyclopedia 1668; s d. at Strasburg, 18 August, 1733. He catholic encyclopedia was one s of the greatest theologians of his catholic encyclopedia time, an orator s of power and influence and catholic encyclopedia the author of valuable s works on controversy.
Siger of Brabant - Indisputably the leader of Latin Averroism during the reference sixth and reference seventh decades of the thirteenth century.
San Luis Potosí - Diocese in Mexico, erected by Pius IX in catholic encyclopedia 1854. s It includes the State of San Luis catholic encyclopedia Potosí, and s a small portion of the State catholic encyclopedia of Zacatecas.
Schlör, Aloysius - Ascetical writer, b. at Vienna, 17 June, 1805; catholic encyclopedia d. reference at Graz, 2 Nov., 1852.
Subdeacon - The subdiaconate is the lowest of the sacred s or major catholic encyclopedia orders in the Latin Church. It s is defined as the catholic encyclopedia power by which one s ordained as a subdeacon may carry catholic encyclopedia the chalice s with wine to the altar, prepare the necessaries catholic encyclopedia s for the Eucharist, and read the Epistle
Sect and Sects - Etymology and meaning of the word "sect" .
Socialistic Communities - Societies which maintain common ownership of the means of production and distribution, e.g., land, factories, and stores, and also those which further extend the practice of common ownership to consumable goods, e.g., houses and food.
Sheldon, Edward - Translator (1599-1687).
Socinianism - The body of doctrine held by one of reference the numerous s Antitrinitarian sects to which the Reformation reference gave birth.
Stauropolis - A titular metropolitan see of the Province of catholic encyclopedia Caria.
Saint Thomas of Mylapur - Diocese. Suffragan to the primatial See of Goa catholic encyclopedia in the East Indies.
Scripture - Sacred Scripture is one of the several names denoting the catholic encyclopedia inspired writings which make up the Old and New Testament.
Sacra Jam Splendent - The opening words of the hymn for Matins catholic encyclopedia of the Feast of the Holy Family.
Stevin, Simon - Born at Bruges in 1548; died at Leyden catholic encyclopedia in reference 1620.
Simla - Archdiocese in India, a new creation of Pius X by reference a Decree dated 13 September, 1910.
Soul - The question of the reality of the soul s and its s distinction from the body is among s the most important problems s of philosophy, for with s it is bound up the doctrine s of a s future life.
Schatzgeyer, Caspar - Inquisitor (1463-1527)
Sassari - Archdiocese in Sardinia, Italy, situated on the River Rossello in reference a fertile region: a centre of the oil, fruit, wine, reference and tobacco industries.
Salmeron, Alphonsus - Jesuit Biblical scholar, born at Toledo, 8 Sept., 1515; died at Naples, 13 Feb., 1585.
São Paulo - Ecclesiastical province in the Republic of Brazil, South catholic encyclopedia America.
San Severo - Diocese in the Province of Foggia (Capitanata), Southern catholic encyclopedia Italy, reference situated in a fertile plain, watered by catholic encyclopedia the Radicosa reference and Triolo.
Slotanus, John - Polemical writer; born at Geffen, Brabant; died at s Cologne, 9 s July, 1560.
Sebastia - The city, which existed perhaps under another name catholic encyclopedia in catholic encyclopedia pre-Roman times, was called Sebastia and enlarged catholic encyclopedia by Augustus; catholic encyclopedia under Diocletian it became the capital catholic encyclopedia of Armenia Prima catholic encyclopedia and after Justinian who rebuilt catholic encyclopedia its walls, the capital catholic encyclopedia of Armenia Secunda.
Sonnius, Franciscus - Theologian, b. at Zon in Brabant, 12 August, reference 1506; d. at Antwerp, 30 June, 1576.
Sainte-Claire Deville, Charles - Geologist, b. at St. Thomas, West Indies, 26 s February, 1814; catholic encyclopedia d. in Paris 10 October, 1876.
Schäzler, Constantine, Baron von - Theologian, b. at Ratisbon, 7 May, 1827; d. s at Interlaken, 9 September, 1880.
Spanish-American Literature - The literature produced by the Spanish-speaking peoples of reference Mexico, Central s America, Cuba and adjacent islands, and reference of South America with s the notable exceptions of reference Brazil (whose speech is Portuguese) and s the Guianas.
Sergius IV, Pope - Reigned 1009-1012.
Sedulius - Christian poet of the fifth century.
Stattler, Benedict - Jesuit theologian, born at Kötzting, Bavaria (Diocese of s Ratisbon), 30 Jan., 1728; died at Munich, 21 s Aug., 1797.
Stephen (V) VI, Pope - Date of birth unknown; died in Sept., 891.
Sergius and Bacchus, Saints - Soldiers, martyred in the Diocletian persecution in about s 303. Universally s venerated in the East.
Sedgwick, Thomas - Regius professor of divinity at Cambridge, 1557, rector s of Stanhope, reference Durham, and vicar of Gainford, Durham, s both in 1558; d. reference in a Yorkshire prison, s 1573.
Sarto, Andrea del - Artist - Born at Florence in 1486; d. there in reference 1531.
Sabaoth - In Hebrew, plural form of "host" or "army". reference The word reference is used almost exclusively in conjunction reference with the Divine name reference as a title of reference majesty: "the Lord of Hosts", or reference "the Lord reference God of Hosts".
Selvaggio, Giulio Lorenzo - Canonist and archaeologist, b. at Naples, 10 August, 1728; d. catholic encyclopedia there, November, 1772.
Servus servorum Dei - "Servant of the servants of God", a title given by catholic encyclopedia the popes to themselves in documents of note.
Salutati, Coluccio di Pierio di - Italian Humanist b. in Tuscany, 1331; d. 4 s May, 1406.
Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Feast of the Seven - The object of these feats is the spiritual catholic encyclopedia martyrdom of the Mother of God and her catholic encyclopedia compassion with the sufferings of her Divine Son.
Sahara, Vicariate Apostolic of - Vast desert of northern Africa, measuring about 932 catholic encyclopedia miles catholic encyclopedia from north to south and 2484 miles catholic encyclopedia from east catholic encyclopedia to west, and dotted with oases catholic encyclopedia which are centres catholic encyclopedia of population.
Sanctorum Meritis - The hymn at First and Second Vespers in reference the Common catholic encyclopedia of the Martyrs in the Roman reference Breviary. Its authorship is catholic encyclopedia often attributed to Rabanus reference Maurus (d. 856), Archbishop of Mainz.
Sioux Indians - Provides information about their history, language, population, culture reference and religion.
Saxe, Jean de - For a long time two astronomers of the reference Middle Ages were confounded under this name. (1) reference Joannes Danko (2) Jean de Counnout.
Spillmann, Joseph - Author, b. at Zug, Switzerland, 22 April, 1842; d. at Luxembourg, 20 February, 1905.
Sixtus I, Pope Saint - Martyr, reigned for ten years in the very catholic encyclopedia early part of the second century.
Scotland - The northern portion of the Island of Great s Britain.
Selge - A titular see in Pamphylia Prima, suffragan of Side.
Spina, Alphonso de - Spanish Franciscan, date of birth unknown; died about 1491.
Shamanism - A vague term used by explorers of Siberia s in the s eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to designate s not a specific religion s but a form of s savage magic or science, by which s physical nature s was believed to be brought under the control s s of man.
Sánchez, José Bernardo - Franciscan missionary - Born at Robledillo, Old Castile, reference Spain, 7 September, 1778; d. at San Gabriel, reference California, 15 January, 1833.
Sacraments - Presents the necessity, the nature, the origin/cause, the reference number, the s effects, the minister, and the recipient reference of the Sacraments.
Shirley, James - English poet and dramatist (1596-1666)
Space - The idea of space is one of the most important reference in the philosophy of the material world; for centuries it reference has preoccupied and puzzled philosophers and psychologists.
Sadler, Thomas Vincent Faustus - Missionary born 1604; died at Dieulward, Flanders, 19 Jan., 1680-1.
Sicily - The largest island in the Mediterranean.
Sieni, Cyril - Missionary bishop, b. in Catalonia, date of birth s unknown; d. after 1799, place and exact date s equally uncertain.
Sergeant, John - Writer, born at Barrow-upon-Humber, Lincolnshire, in 1623; died reference in 1710.
Swithin, Saint - Bishop of Winchester (d. 862). One of the two trusted counsellors of Egbert, King of the West Saxons.
Sacred Heart of Jesus, Society of the - Founded in Belgium.
Superior - Situated in the northern part of Wisconsin.
Saint-Denis - Diocese erected in 1850 as suffragan of Bordeaux, s includes the Island of Réunion in the Indian s Ocean about 350 miles cast of Madagascar.
Santander - Diocese in Spain which takes its name not reference from St. s Andrew as some believe, but from reference St. Hemeterius (Santemter, Santenter, s Santander), one of the reference patrons of the city and ancient s abbey.
Sexagesima - The eighth Sunday before Easter and the second before Lent.
Severus Sanctus Endelechus - Christian rhetorician and poet of the fourth century.
Saxony - Chronology of the area and the people.
Seal of Confession, the Law of the - "Let the priest who dares to make known s the sins reference of his penitent be deposed...."
Sentence - In canon law, the decision of the court reference upon any catholic encyclopedia issue brought before it.
Seripando, Girolamo - Italian theologian and cardinal, b. at Troja (Apulia), s 6 May, 1493; d. at Trent 17 March, s 1563.
Stansel, Valentin - Astronomer, b. at Olmütz, Moravia, 1621; d. at catholic encyclopedia Bahia, catholic encyclopedia Brazil, 18 Dec., 1705.
Sumatra - Erected by a Decree of 30 June, 1911, and entrusted to the Dutch Capuchins.
Scapular - The most important part, of the habit of the monastic s orders.
Sarum Rite - The manner of regulating the details of the Roman Liturgy that obtained in pre-Reformation times in the south of England and was thence propagated over the greater part of Scotland and of Ireland.
Santa Casa di Loreto - Since the fifteenth century, and possibly even earlier, reference the "Holy catholic encyclopedia House" of Loreto has been numbered reference among the most famous catholic encyclopedia shrines of Italy.
Sylvester II - Pope (999-1003).
Staudenmaier, Franz Anton - A theologian, born at Donzdorf, Würtemberg, 11 Sept., catholic encyclopedia 1800; catholic encyclopedia died at Freiburg im Breisgau, 19 Jan., catholic encyclopedia 1856.
Smalkaldic League - A politico-religious alliance formally concluded on 27 Feb., 1531, at reference Smalkalden in Hesse-Nassau, among German Protestant princes and cities for reference their mutual defence.
Sze-Ch'wan (Southern) - Vicariate Apostolic of Southern Sze-Ch'wan.
Stephen II, Pope - Reigned 752.
Spain - This name properly signifies the whole peninsula which reference forms the s south-western extremity of Europe. Since the reference political separation of Portugal, s however, the name has reference gradually come to be restricted to s the largest reference of the four political divisions of the Pen
San Antonio, Diocese of - Comprises all that portion of the State of catholic encyclopedia Texas between the Colorado and Rio Grande Rivers, catholic encyclopedia except the land south of the Arroyo de catholic encyclopedia los Hermanos, on the Rio Grande, and the catholic encyclopedia Counties of Live Oak, Bee, Goliad, and Refugio.
Saluzzo - Diocese in the Province of Cuneo, Piedmont, Upper reference Italy.
Sisters of Charity of Cincinnati, Ohio - On 27 October, 1829, at the request of catholic encyclopedia Bishop catholic encyclopedia Fenwick of Cincinnati, several sisters from Mother catholic encyclopedia Seton\\'s community catholic encyclopedia at Emmitsburg, Maryland, opened an orphanage, catholic encyclopedia parochial school, and catholic encyclopedia academy on Sycamore Street opposite catholic encyclopedia the old cathedral, then catholic encyclopedia occupying th
Senefelder, Aloys - Inventor of lithography.
Simeon - The second son of Jacob by Lia and patronymic ancestor reference of the Jewish tribe bearing that name.
Saint-Claude - The Diocese of Saint-Claude comprised in the eighteenth century only twenty-six parishes, subject previously to the Abbey of Saint-Claude, and some parishes detached from the Dioceses of Besançon and Lyons.
Stonnes, James - English priest, b. 1513; d. after 1585.
Solimôes Superiore - A prefecture Apostolic in the State of Amazonas, catholic encyclopedia Brazil, s erected by a decree of the Sacred catholic encyclopedia Congregation of s Consistory, 23 May, 1910.
Sabrata - A titular see in Tripolitana. Sabrata was a Phoenician town catholic encyclopedia on the northern coast of Africa, between the two Syrta. catholic encyclopedia With Oca and Leptis Magna it caused the Greek name catholic encyclopedia Tripolis to be given to the region.
Stephen of Muret, Saint - Founder of the Order of Grandmont. Died 1124.
Schrank, Franz Paula von - Naturalist, b. at Varnbach near Schärding on the Inn, 21 August, 1747; d. at Munich, 22 December, 1835.
Sozopolis - Titular see in the Balkans, suffragan of Adrianopolis.
São Salvador de Bahia de Todos os Santos - Brazilian archdiocese established in 1551.
Stephen (III) IV, Pope - Born about 720; died 1 or 3 August, catholic encyclopedia 772.
Saliva Indians - The principal of a small group of tribes catholic encyclopedia constituting a distinct linguistic stock (the Salivan), centring catholic encyclopedia in the eighteenth century, about and below the catholic encyclopedia junction of the Meta and Orinoco, in Venezuela.
Sixtus IV, Pope - Born near Abisola, 21 July, 1414; died 12 s Aug., 1484.
Schäufelin, Hans Leonhard - A German wood engraver, pupil of Durer, b. at Nuremberg catholic encyclopedia in 1490; d. there in 1540. Best known as an catholic encyclopedia engraver, but also an artist of repute.
Stanislawow - Diocese of the Greek-Ruthenian Rite, in Galicia, Austria, suffragan of Lemberg.
Spedalleri, Nicola - A priest, theologian, and philosopher, born at Bronte catholic encyclopedia in the Province of Catania, Sicily, 6 December, catholic encyclopedia 1740; died at Rome, 26 November, 1795.
Sanhedrin - The supreme council and court of justice among s the Jews.
Starowolski, Simon - Born at Stara Wola, near Cracow, 1585; died catholic encyclopedia at Cracow, 1656; studied at Louvain, but took catholic encyclopedia his degrees in the University of Cracow, after catholic encyclopedia which he travelled in various countries of Western catholic encyclopedia Europe.
Scranton - Diocese in Pennsylvania
Stradivari Family, The - Family name that goes back to the Middle s Ages. Spelled catholic encyclopedia various ways, Stradivare, Stradiverto, Stradivertus. Known s among other things as catholic encyclopedia makers of stringed instruments.
São Thiago de Cabo Verde - This diocese has the seat of its bishopric reference on the s Island of S. Nicolau.
Schraudolph, Johann - Historical painter (1808-1879)
Sánchez, Alonzo - Jesuit missionary and writer, born in Mondejar, Guadalajara, Spain, in 1547; died at Alcalá, 27 May, 1593.
Smith, Richard - Born in Worcestershire, 1500; died at Douai, 9 catholic encyclopedia July, 1563.
Spirituals - A general term denoting several groups of Friars Minor, existing reference in the second half of the thirteenth and the beginning reference of the fourteenth centuries, who, in opposition to the main reference body of the order, pretended to observe the Rule of reference St. Francis in its prim
Samos - Titular see, suffragan of Rhodes in the Cyclades. catholic encyclopedia The s island, called in Turkish Soussan-Adassi, is 181 catholic encyclopedia sq. miles s in area and numbers 55,000 inhabitants, catholic encyclopedia nearly all of s whom are Greek schismatics.
Saskatchewan and Alberta - The twin provinces of the Canadian West, so catholic encyclopedia called s because they were formed on the same catholic encyclopedia day.
Seneca Indians - The westernmost and largest of the five tribes of the Iroquois Confederacy of central and western New York.
Saxo Grammaticus - Thirteenth-century Danish historian
Sweynheim, Konrad - Printer, b. at Schwanheim, Frankfort, Germany; d. in Rome, 1477.
Sergius II, Pope - Reigned 844-847.
San José de Costa Rica - The Republic of Costa Rica, Central America, constitutes s this diocese reference as a suffragan see of the s Archdiocese of Guatemala.
Saturninus, Saint - First bishop of Toulouse, third-century martyr.
Stanislas Kostka, Saint - Polish Jesuit, died in 1568 at the age reference of 17, less than a year after entering reference the Society.
Salford - The Diocese of Salford comprises the Hundreds of reference Salford and catholic encyclopedia Blackburn, in Lancashire, England, and was reference erected 29 Sept., 1850.
Swedenborgians - The believers in the religious doctrines taught by Emanuel Swedenborg. catholic encyclopedia As an organized body they do not call themselves Swedenborgians, catholic encyclopedia which seems to assert the human origin of their religion, catholic encyclopedia but wish to be known as the "Church of the catholic encyclopedia New Jerusalem
Stavanger, Ancient See of - Located in Norway.
Saint Augustine, Abbey of - Benedictine monastery, originally dedicated to Sts. Peter and Paul, founded in 605 outside of the City of Canterbury, on the site of the earlier Church of St. Pancras.
Self-Defense - The right of a private person to employ reference force against s any one who unjustly attacks his reference life or person, his s property or good name.
Stone, Corner - Rite regarding the blessing and laying of the catholic encyclopedia Foundation reference Stone for the building of a church.
Stephen (VI) VII, Pope - Date of birth unknown; died about August, 897.
Synods, National - According to the recent canon law, national councils s are the deliberating assemblies at which all the s bishops of a nation are convoked by the s patriarch or primate (Cf. Bened. XIV, "De Synodo", s I, i), but, in order to include the s ancient national
Sparta - A celebrated town of the Peloponnesus, mentioned several times under reference this name or under that of Lacedæmon in the Bible.
Samuco Indians - The collective name of a group of tribes s in southwestern s Bolivia.
Sze-Ch'wan (Eastern) - The mission of Eastern Sze-ch\\'wan was separated from North-western Sze-ch\\'wan s and erected in a Vicariate Apostolic in 1856.
Santos, João dos - Dominican missionary in India and Africa, b. at Evora, Portugal; d. at Goa in 1622.
Saint-Cosme, Jean-François Buisson de - Born in Quebec, Canada, February, 1667; killed, 1707. Entering the Séminaire des Missions Etrangères of Quebec, he was ordained in 1690 and after serving for a time at Minas, Nova Scotia (then Acadia), was assigned to the western mission.
Synnada - Titular metropolis in Phrygia Salutaris. Synnada is said s to have been founded by Acamas who went s to Phrygia after the Trojan war and took s some Macedonian colonists.
Society of Foreign Missions of Paris - Established in 1658-63, its chief founders being Mgr reference Pallu, Bishop of Heliopolis, Vicar Apostolic of Tongking, reference and Mgr Lambert de la Motte, Bishop of reference Bertyus, Vicar Apostolic of Conchin-China.
Sacristy - A room in the church or attached thereto, catholic encyclopedia where s the vestments, church furnishings and the like, catholic encyclopedia sacred vessels, s and other treasures are kept, and catholic encyclopedia where the clergy s meet and vest for the catholic encyclopedia various ecclesiastical functions.
Schadow, Friedrich Wilhelm - Painter, b. at Berlin, 1789; d. at Düsseldorf, 1862. He reference was the son of the sculptor, Johann Gottfried Schadow of reference Berlin.
Sodom and Gomorrha - They were situated in "the country about the reference Jordan" (Gen., xiii, 10); their exact location is reference unknown.
Schram, Dominic - A Benedictine theologian and canonist, b. at Bamberg, 24 October s 1722; d. in the monastery of Banz near Bamberg, 21 s September, 1797.
Simon Stock, Saint - Biography of the English Carmelite, sixth general of reference the Order. reference Associated with the brown scapular. Died reference 1265.
Siena, University of - The earliest notices of an advanced school (of s grammar and s medicine) at Siena go back to s 1241.
Sampson, Richard - English bishop (d. 1554)
Sessa-Aurunca - Diocese in Campania, Province of Caserta (Southern Italy).
Sexton - One who guards the church edifice, its treasures, catholic encyclopedia vestments, reference etc., and as an inferior minister attends catholic encyclopedia to burials, reference bell-ringings and similar offices about a catholic encyclopedia church.
Synderesis - Synderesis, or more correctly synteresis, is a term s used by catholic encyclopedia the Scholastic theologians to signify the s habitual knowledge of the catholic encyclopedia universal practical principles of s moral action.
Springfield - Diocese of Springfield (Campifontis) in Massachusetts, erected in catholic encyclopedia June, reference 1870.
Saint-Sulpice, Society of - Founded at Paris by M. Olier (1642) for the purpose reference of providing directors for the seminaries established by him.
Segneri, Paolo - Italian Jesuit, preacher, missionary, ascetical writer, b. at catholic encyclopedia Nettuno, 21 March (cf. Massei) 1624; d. at catholic encyclopedia Rome, 9 Dec., 1694.
Saint Andrews, Priory of - One of the great religious houses in Scotland s and the metropolitan church in that country before s the Reformation.
Sherwood, William - Bishop of Meath, d. at Dublin, 3 Dec. reference 1482. He s was an English ecclesiastic who obtained reference the see by papal s provision in April, 1460.
Suger - Abbot of St-Denis, statesman and historian, b. probably catholic encyclopedia at or near St-Denis, about 1081; d. there, catholic encyclopedia 13 Jan., 1151.
Saint Peter, Basilica of - The present Church of St. Peter stands upon the site reference where at the beginning of the first century the gardens reference of Agrippina lay.
Shire - Vicariate apostolic in Nyassaland Protectorate, Africa.
Savaric - Bishop of Bath and Glastonbury, and cousin of the Emperor Henry VI, date of birth unknown, d. at Rome, 1205. He was archdeacon of Canterbury, 1175, and archdeacon of Northampton, 1180.
Sulpicians in the United States - Came to the United States at the very s rise of the American Hierarchy.
Scarampi, Pierfrancesco - Oratorian, Papal envoy, b. of a noble and ancient family catholic encyclopedia in the Duchy of Monferrato, Piedmont, 1596; d. at Rome, catholic encyclopedia 14 Oct., 1656.
Stephen (VIII) IX, Pope - Date of birth unknown; he became pope about 14 July, 939, and died about the end of Oct., 942.
Synaxis - Means gathering, assembly, reunion. It is exactly equivalent to the s Latin collecta (from colligere), and corresponds to synagogue (synagoge), the s place of reunion.
Stanislaus of Cracow, Saint - Bishop and martyr, d. 1079. The patron saint of Poland.
Sacchoni, Rainerio - A learned and zealous Dominican, born at Piacenza about the s beginning of the thirteenth century; died about 1263.
Saint Omer, College of - Well-known Jesuit college at St. Omer, often spoken catholic encyclopedia of catholic encyclopedia under the anglicized form of St. Omers catholic encyclopedia or St. catholic encyclopedia Omer\'s, founded by Father Parsons in catholic encyclopedia 1592 or 1593.
Song, Religious - The general designation given to the numerous poetical reference and musical reference creations which have come into existence reference in the course of reference time and are used reference in connection with public Divine worship, reference but which reference are not included in the official liturgy on reference reference account of their
Sappa - Diocese in Albania, established in 1062.
Saint Isidore, College of - In Rome, originally founded for the use of s Spanish Franciscans s during the pontificate of Gregory XV.
Syrian Rite, East - This rite is used by the Nestorians and reference also by Eastern Catholic bodies -- in Syria, reference Mesopotamia, Persia, and Malabar -- who have separated reference from them.
Susa - Diocese in the Province of Turin, Piedmont, Northern catholic encyclopedia Italy.
Scherer, Georg - Pulpit orator and controversialist, b. at Schwaz, in reference the Tyrol, catholic encyclopedia 1540, according to Duhr; d. at reference Linz, 30 Nov., 1605; catholic encyclopedia entered the Society of reference Jesus in 1559.
Syon Monastery - Middlesex, England, founded in 1415 by King Henry s V at reference his manor of Isleworth.
Saint-Denis, Abbey of - Situated in a small town to which it has given reference its name, about four miles north of Paris.
Syriac Language and Literature - Syriac is the important branch of the group of Semitic reference languages known as Aramaic.
Sainte-Geneviève, Abbey of - In Paris, founded by King Clovis who established reference there a catholic encyclopedia college of clerics, later called canons reference regular.
Saint Francis Xavier's College, University of - University in Nova Scotia founded in 1885 under the name of St. Francis Xavier's College
Sanctus - The Sanctus is the last part of the Preface in reference the Mass, sung in practically every rite by the people reference (or choir). One of the elements of the liturgy of reference which exists the earliest evidence.
Steuco, Agostino - Exegete, born at Gubbio, Umbria, 1496; died at reference Venice, 1549.
Sozusa - A titular see of Palestina Prima, suffragan of catholic encyclopedia Cæsarea.
Sandeo, Felino Maria - Often quoted under the name of Felinus, Italian canonist of the fifteenth century.
Saint Lucius, Monastery of - Located in Chur, Switzerland. The Church of St. Lucius was s built over the grave of this saint, whose relics were s preserved in it until the sixteenth century.
Swan, Order of the - A pious confraternity, indulgenced by the pope, which arose in 1440 in the Electorate of Brandenburg, originally comprising, with the Elector Frederick at their head, thirty gentleman and seven ladies united to pay special honour to the Blessed Virgin.
Seitz, Alexander Maximilian - Painter, b. At Munich, 1811; d. at Rome, 1888.
Sisters of the Little Company of Mary - A congregation founded in 1877 in England to honour in a particular manner the maternal Heart of the Blessed Virgin, especially in the mystery of Calvary.
Smits, William - Orientalist and exegete (1704-1770).
Sechelt Indians - A small tribe speaking a distinct language of Salishan linguistic catholic encyclopedia stock, formerly occupying the territory about the entrance of Jervis catholic encyclopedia and Sechelt inlets, Nelson Island, and south Texada Island.
Salesian Society, The - Founded by Saint John Bosco, takes its distinctive s name from reference its patron, Saint Francis de Sales.
Sauatra - Per Tillemont, one of the most illustrious martyrs s France has catholic encyclopedia given to the Church.
Speyer - Diocese in Bavaria.
Subreption - In canon law the concealment or suppression of statements or facts that according to law or usage should be expressed in an application or petition for a rescript.
Schleswig - Formerly a duchy and diocese of northwestern Germany, catholic encyclopedia now a part of the Prussian Province of catholic encyclopedia Schleswig-Holstein.
Stöckl, Albert - A neo-Scholastic philosopher and theologian, born in Bavaria, catholic encyclopedia 1823, reference and died 1895.
Spina, Bartolommeo - Scholastic theologian, born at Pisa about 1475; died s at Rome, catholic encyclopedia 1546.
Santa Severina - Diocese in the Province of Catanzaro in Calabria, reference Southern Italy. Situated on a rocky precipice on reference the site of the ancient Siberena, it became reference an important fortress of the Byzantines in their reference struggles with the Saracens.
Strain, John - Archbishop of St. Andrews and Edinburgh, born at s Edinburgh, 8 reference December, 1810; died there, 2 July, s 1883.
Stone, Marmaduke - Jesuit, b. at Draycot, 28 Nov., 1748; d. reference at St. catholic encyclopedia Helens, 22 Aug., 1834.
Schott, Gaspar - German physicist, b. 5 Feb., 1608, at Königshofen; d. 12 or 22 May, 1666, at Augsburg.
Saxe-Altenburg - One of the Saxon duchies in the east s of Thuringia; s situated on the west frontier of s the Kingdom of Saxony.
Seerth - A Chaldean see, appears to have succeeded the reference See of Arzon in the same province.
Stradivari, Antonio - Cremonese violin-maker, b. in 1649 or 1650; d. catholic encyclopedia at reference Cremona, 18 or 19 Dec., 1737.
Sibbel, Joseph - Sculptor, b. at Dulmen, 7 June, 1850; d. catholic encyclopedia in New York, 10 July, 1907.
Ségur, Sophie Rostopchine, Comtesse de - French writer (1797-1874).
Saragossa, University of - Not definitively established until 1585, its real founder being Don Pedro Cerbunc, Prior of the Cathedral of Saragossa, and later Bishop of Tarrazona.
Sahagún, Bernardino de - Missionary and Aztec archeologist, b. at Sahagún, Kingdom catholic encyclopedia of catholic encyclopedia Leon, Spain, in or before the year catholic encyclopedia 1500; d. catholic encyclopedia at Mexico, 23 Oct., 1590.
Sabbatarians, Sabbatarianism - Defines Sabbatarianism as a rigorist conflation of the s Christian Sunday reference with the Jewish Sabbath, devotes attention s to Seventh-Day Sabbatarianism as reference well.
Sebaste - A titular see in Phrygia Pacatiana, suffragan of Laodicea.
Scepticism - Etymology of the word based on a Greek term meaning reference "speculation, doubt".
Soissons - Includes, with the exception of two hamlets, the entire Department of Aisne.
Schongauer, Martin - German painter and engraver, b. at Colmar between catholic encyclopedia 1445 reference and 1450; d. probably in 1491, it catholic encyclopedia is believed reference at Breisach.
Sarayacú Mission - The chief Franciscan mission of the Ucavali river s country, Department of Loreto, north-east Peru, in the s eighteenth century.
Senan, José Francisco de Paula - Missionary - Born at Barcelona, Spain, 3 March, 1760; died catholic encyclopedia at Mission San Buenaventura on 24 Aug., 1823
Saints Vincent and Anastasius, Abbey of - Located near Rome.
Santa Fe (Argentina) - Diocese in the Argentine Republic, suffragan of Buenos reference Aires.
Synaxarion - The name of a liturgical book of the s Byzantine Church. The exact meaning of the name s has changed at various times.
Shen-si, Northern - In 1640 the Christian religion was preached for s the first s time in the Province of Shen-si. s It was, by turns, s looked upon with favor s and disfavor by the emperors of s China.
Symbolism - The investing of outward things or actions with reference an inner meaning, more especially for the expression reference of religious ideas.
Schism - In the language of theology and canon law, catholic encyclopedia the catholic encyclopedia rupture of ecclesiastical union and unity.
Saint Thomas, Diocese of - Diocese comprising the Islands of São Thomé and reference Principe, in the Gulf of Guinea.
Skara, Ancient See of - Located in Sweden.
Spokan Indians - An important tribe of Salishan linguistic stock, closely cognate with catholic encyclopedia the Colville, Coeur d\\'Aléne, Kalispel, and Flathead, and formerly holding catholic encyclopedia the country upon Spokane River in Eastern Washington and the catholic encyclopedia adjacent portion of Idaho.
Santa Fe (New Mexico) - Archdiocese in New Mexico, erected by Pius IX in 1850 and created an archbishopric in 1875.
Saint-Vallier, Jean-Baptiste de - Second Bishop of Quebec, b. at Grenoble, France, 14 Nov. reference 1653; d. at Quebec, Canada, 26 Dec., 1727; son of reference Jean de La Croix de Chevrières, and Marie de Sayne.
Seekers - An obscure Puritan sect which arose in England reference in the s middles of the seventeenth century. They reference represented an Antinomian tendency s among some of the reference Independents, and professed to be seeking s for the reference true Church, Scripture, Ministry, and Sacraments.
Shan-tung, Vicariate Apostolic of Northern - Erected by Gregory XVI in 1839.
Silverius, Pope Saint - Son of Pope St. Hormisdas. Named pope while yet a subdeacon, to thwart the Monophysites. Exiled through a forgery of his political and religious enemies, died of starvation in prison, probably in 537.
San Sepolcro, Piero da - Painter, b. at Borgo San-Sepolcro, about 1420; d. catholic encyclopedia there, 1492.
Scalimoli - Theologian, better known by his religious name, Anrea di Castellana.
Sixtus II, Pope Saint - This is the St. Sixtus who is commemorated in the Eucharistic Prayer. Pope who was one of the first martyrs of the Valerian persecution, in 258.
Sejny, Diocese of - A diocese in the northwestern part of Russian Poland.
Sunday - Sunday (Day of the Sun), as the name catholic encyclopedia of reference the first day of the week, is catholic encyclopedia derived from reference Egyptian astrology.
Sandemanians - An English form of the Scottish sect of reference Glassites, followers of John Glas (b. 1695; d. reference 1773) who was deposed from the Presbyterian ministry reference in 1728, for teaching that the Church should reference not be subject to any league or covenant, reference but should be governed only
Shi-koku - One of the four great islands of Japan, catholic encyclopedia has all area of 7009 square miles, not catholic encyclopedia counting the smaller islands which depend upon it.
Salem - An abbey situated near the Castle of Heiligenberg, about ten miles from Constance, Baden (Germany).
Spalding, Martin John - Seventh Archbishop of Baltimore. (1810-1872)
Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp - Physician and discoverer of the cause of puerperal s fever, b. Ofen (Buda), 1 July, 1818; d. s at Vienna, 13 August, 1865.
Spiritualism - The term has been frequently used to denote the belief s in the possibility of communication with disembodied spirits, and the s various devices employed to realize this belief in practice.
Saint Francis Mission - A noted Catholic Indian mission village under Jesuit s control near Pierreville, Yamaska district, Province of Quebec, s Canada.
State or Way (Purgative, Illuminative, Unitive) - Stages in the spiritual life.
Spiritism - History and methods of Spiritism (here distinguished from s Spiritualism) and the dangers inherent in its practice s and beliefs.
Staupitz, Johann Von - Abbot, born at Motterwitz near Leisnig (or Moderwitz s near Meustadt an der Orla) about 1460; died s at Salzburg, 28 Dec., 1524.
Syndicalism - Derived from the French syndicats, associations of workingmen reference uniting members of the same trade or industry reference for the furtherance of common economic interests.
Semiarians and Semiarianism - A name frequently given to the conservative majority in the East in the fourth century as opposed to the strict Arians.
Scarlatti, Alessandro - Special emphasis on his religious works and his influence on later composers.
Szymonowicz, Simon - Known also by the Latin name of Somonides, catholic encyclopedia b. s at Lemberg, 1558; d. 1629.
Seleucia Trachea - Metropolitan see of Isauria in the Patriarchate of s Antioch.
Septuagint Version - The first translation of the Hebrew Old Testament, s made into popular Greek before the Christian era.
Sexburga, Saint - Biography of the seventh-century English widow and abbess.
Seduction - The inducing of a previously virtuous woman to engage in unlawful sexual intercourse.
Simon of Tournai - Professor in the University of Paris at the reference beginning of s the thirteenth century, dates of birth reference and death unknown.
Sidon - City in Syria. Mentioned in the Bible. Is reference home to reference both a Melkite Rite and a reference Maronite diocese.
Santarem - Prelature nullius created in 1903, in the ecclesiastical reference Province of catholic encyclopedia Belem do Pará.
Seidl, Johann Gabriel - Poet, author of the present Austrian national hymn, s b. at Vienna, 21 June 1804; d. there, s 17 July, 1875.
Sardica - A titular metropolitan see of Dacia Mediterranea. The true name s of the city (now Sophia, the capital of Bulgaria) was s Serdica.
Sarnelli, Januarius Maria - One of S. Alphonsus\\'s earliest companions, fourth son s of Baron Angelo Sarnelli of Ciorani, b. in s Naples 12 Sept., 1702; d. 30 June, 1744.
Sarepta - A titular see in Phoenicia Prima, suffragan of Tyre. It is mentioned for the first time in the voyage of an Egyptian in the fourteenth century B.C. Chabas, "Voyage d\'un Egyptien" .
Solomon - The second son of David by his wife Bathsheba, and s the acknowledged favourite of his father.
Servites, Order of - The fifth mendicant order, the objects of which reference are the catholic encyclopedia sanctification of its members, preaching the reference Gospel, and the propagation catholic encyclopedia of devotion to the reference Mother of God, with special reference catholic encyclopedia to her reference sorrows.
Subiaco - A city in the Province of Rome, twenty-five s miles from Tivoli, received its name from the s artificial lakes of the villa of Nero and s is renowned for its sacred grotto (Sagro Speco), s the Abbey of St. Scholastica, and the archiepiscopal s residence and Church
Septimius Severus - Founder of the African dynasty of Roman emperors.
Sixtus III, Pope Saint - Reigned 432-440.
Swinomish Indians - A tribe of Salishan linguistic stock, closely connected with the Skagit. They formerly held the territory about the mouth of the river Skagit together with the adjacent portion of Whidbey Island.
Scillium, Martyrs of - In the year 180 six Christians were condemned s to death reference by the sword, in the town s of Scillium, by Vigellius reference Saturninus, Proconsul of Africa.
Saint-Flour - Diocese comprising the Department of Cantal, and is catholic encyclopedia suffragan s of the Archbishopric of Bourges.
Salamis - A titular see in Cyprus. Salamis was a catholic encyclopedia maritime reference town on the eastern coast of Cyprus, catholic encyclopedia situated at reference the end of a fertile plain catholic encyclopedia between two mountains, reference near the River Pediaeus.
Symmachus, Pope Saint - Lengthy article on this pope, who died in s 514.
Secular Clergy - The secular cleric makes no profession and follows reference no religious s rule.
Seville, University of - Initially started in the thirteenth century by the s Dominicans in catholic encyclopedia order to prepare missionaries for work s among the Moors and catholic encyclopedia Jews.
Stapleton, Theobald - Nothing is known of his career, except that he was a priest living in Flanders, and that in 1639 he published at Brussels a book called "Catechismus seu doctrina Christiana Latino-hibernica", which was the first book in which Irish was printed i
Sahaptin Indians - A prominent tribe formerly holding a considerable territory catholic encyclopedia in catholic encyclopedia Western Idaho and adjacent portions of Oregon catholic encyclopedia and Washington.
Styria - A duchy and Austrian crownland, divided by the catholic encyclopedia River Mur into Upper and Lower Styria.
Stole - A liturgical vestment composed of a strip of catholic encyclopedia material from two to four inches wide and catholic encyclopedia about eighty inches long.
Sarsfield, Patrick - Born at Lucan near Dublin, about 1650; died reference at Huy in Belgium, 1693. Commanded armies in reference several European countries.
Sabran, Louis de - Jesuit (1652-1732)
Sutton, Ven. Robert - Priest, martyr, b. at Burton-on-Trent; quartered at Stafford, 27 July, reference 1587.
Sabbatical Year - The seventh year, devoted to cessation of agriculture, and holding catholic encyclopedia in the period of seven years a place analogous to catholic encyclopedia that of the Sabbath in the week; also called "Year catholic encyclopedia of Remission".
Sacred Heart of Jesus, Missionary Sisters of the - A religious congregation having its general mother house catholic encyclopedia at s Rome, founded in 1880 by Mother Francis catholic encyclopedia Xavier Cabrini.
Sitifis - Titular see in Mauretania Sitifensis.
Sorrento - Archdiocese in the Province of Naples, with one suffragan, Castellamare.
Summæ - Compendiums of theology, philosophy, and canon law which were used catholic encyclopedia both as textbooks in the schools and as books of catholic encyclopedia reference during the Middle Ages.
Sanction - Sanction signifies the authoritative act whereby the legislator catholic encyclopedia gives a law value and binding force for catholic encyclopedia its subjects.
Schola Cantorum - A place for the teaching and practice of ecclesiastical chant, catholic encyclopedia or a body of singers banded together for the purpose catholic encyclopedia of rendering the music in church.
Speyer, Johann and Wendelin von - German printers in Venice from 1468 to 1477.
Sanctity - Explains the meaning of the term "sanctity" as employed in somewhat different senses in relation to God, to individual men, and to a corporate body.
Scheeben, Matthias Joseph - Theological writer of acknowledged merit, born at Meckenheim reference near Bonn, catholic encyclopedia 1 March, 1835; died at Cologne, reference 21 July, 1888.
Stefaneschi, Giacomo Gaetani - A cardinal deacon, born at Rome, about 1270; died at reference Avignon, 23 June, 1343.
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach - A grand duchy in Thuringia, also known in recent times s as the Grand duchy of Saxony.
Sardica, Council of - One of the series of councils called to reference adjust the s doctrinal and other difficulties caused by reference the Arian heresy, held s most probably in 343.
Syntagma Canonum - A canonical collection made in 1335 by Blastares, a Greek monk about whose life nothing certain is known.
Sicca Veneria - A titular see in Africa Proconsularis, suffragan of catholic encyclopedia Carthage.
Saint-John, Ambrose - Oratorian; b. 1815; d. at Edgbaston, Birmingham, 24 May, 1875; son of Henry St. John, descended from the Barons St. John of Bletsoe.
Siena - Archdiocese in Tuscany (Central Italy).
Saint Peter, Tomb of - The history of the confusion and conflicting authorities surrounding the catholic encyclopedia location of the tomb of Saint Peter.
Sisinnius, Pope - Successor of John VII, he was consecrated probably 15 January, reference 708, and died after a brief pontificate of about three reference weeks; he was buried in St. Peter's.
Seraphin of Montegranaro, Saint - Late sixteenth-century Italian Capuchin. Had the gift of catholic encyclopedia reading hearts.
Scutari, Archdiocese of - The Archdiocese of Scutari comprises 29 parishes.
Speckbacher, Josef - A Tyrolean patriot of 1809, born at Gnadenwald, near Hall, s in the Tyrol, 13 July, 1767; died at Hall, 28 s March, 1820.
Scrutiny - Definitions for the term as variously employed in canon law.
Spanish Language and Literature - As a medium of literary expression Spanish asserted catholic encyclopedia itself reference first in the twelfth century: it had catholic encyclopedia been six reference or seven centuries in the process catholic encyclopedia of evolution out reference of Latin.
Smyrna - The capital of the vilayet of Aïdin and the starting-point of several railways.
Sze-Ch'wan (North-western) - Vicariate Apostolic of North-western Sze-Ch'wan.
Signorelli, Luca - Italian painter, b. at Cortona about 1441; d. catholic encyclopedia there catholic encyclopedia in 1523.
Salamon, Louis-Siffren-Joseph - Bishop of Saint-Flour; b. at Carpentras, 22 Oct., 1759; d. at Saint-Flour, 11 June, 1829.
Sarsina - Located in Aemilia, Province of Forli, Italy.
Stanyhurst, Richard - Catholic controversialist, historian, and devotional writer, born at Dublin, 1547; catholic encyclopedia died at Brussels, 1618.
Spirit - Used in several different but allied senses: (1) as signifying s a living, intelligent, incorporeal being, such as the soul; (2) s as the fiery essence or breath (the Stoic pneuma) which s was supposed to be the universal vital force; (3) as s signifying some ref
Saint George, Orders of - Knights of St. George appear at different historical catholic encyclopedia periods and in different countries as mutually independent catholic encyclopedia bodies having nothing in common but the veneration catholic encyclopedia of St. George, the patron of knighthood.
Sirmium - Situated near the modern town of Mitrovitz in Slavonia; its s church is said to have been founded by St. Peter.
Septuagesima - The ninth Sunday before Easter, the third before s Lent known s among the Greeks as "Sunday of s the Prodigal".
Secularism - A term used for the first time about reference 1846 by reference George Jacob Holyoake to denote "a reference form of opinion which reference concerns itself only with reference questions, the issues of which can reference be tested reference by the experience of this life".
Santiago del Estero - Diocese in the Argentine Republic, erected 25 March, 1907, suffragan s of Buenos Aires.
Sylvestrines - A minor monastic order or, strictly speaking, congregation following in s general the Rule of St. Benedict but distinct from the s Black monks and not forming a part of the confederation s of Benedictine congregations.
Sacrilege - The violation or injurious treatment of a sacred s object. In a less proper sense any transgression s against the virtue of religion would be a s sacrilege.
Saragossa - Diocese in Spain.
Sora - A titular see in Paphlagonia, suffragan of Gangra.
Saint James of Compostela, Order of - Founded in the twelfth century, owes its name catholic encyclopedia to the national patron of Spain, St. James catholic encyclopedia the Greater.
Sophene - A titular see, suffragan of Melitene in Armenia Secunda.
Shelley, Richard - English confessor; d. in Marshalsea prison, London, probably in February reference or March, 1585-6.
Salzmann, Joseph - Founder of St. Francis Provincial Seminary (St. Francis, Wisconsin) known as the "Salesianum", one of the best known pioneer priests of the North-west, b. at Münzbach, Diocese of Linz, Upper Austria, 17 Aug., 1819; d. at St. Francis, Wisconsin,
Saint Louis, University of - Probably the oldest university west of the Mississippi s River, was founded in the City of St. s Louis in 1818 by the Right Reverend Louis s William Du Bourg, Bishop of Louisiana.
Seven Robbers - Martyrs on the Island of Corcyra (Corfu) in the second catholic encyclopedia century. Their names are Saturninus, Insischolus, Faustianus, Januarius, Marsalius, Euphrasius, catholic encyclopedia and Mammius.
Savonarola, Girolamo - Dominican reformer. Born at Ferrara, 21 September, 1452; died at catholic encyclopedia Florence, 23 May, 1498.
Saint-Pierre and Miquelon - Prefecture apostolic comprising the only French possession in North America, reference a group of islands.
Synagogue - The place of assemblage of the Jews. This article will reference treat of the name, origin, history, organization, liturgy and building reference of the synagogue.
Somaschi - Name of a charitable religious congregation of regular clerics, founded s in the sixteenth century by St. Jerome Emiliani with the s mother-house at Somasca (Venice), whence the name.
Streber, Hermann - Son of Franz Seraph Streber, b. at Munich, reference 27 Sept., reference 1839; d. at Tölz, 9 Aug., reference 1896.
Sens, Councils of - Chronology of councils held at this location.
Saint Thomas, University of - University in Manila, founded in 1619 by the Dominican Miguel de Benavides, Archbishop of Manila.
Streber, Franz Ignaz Von - Numismatist and theologian, born at Reisbach, Lower Bavaria, reference 11 Feb., 1758; died at Munich, 26 April, reference 1841.
San Marino - An independent republic lying between the Italian Provinces catholic encyclopedia of reference Forli, Pasaro, and Urbino.
Sigebert of Gembloux - Benedictine historian, b. near Gembloux which is now catholic encyclopedia in the Province of Namur, Belgium, about 1035; catholic encyclopedia d. at the same place, 5 November, 1112.
Schools, Apostolic - The object of apostolic schools is to cultivate reference vocations for catholic encyclopedia the foreign missions. Apostolic schools, as reference distinct from junior ecclesiastical catholic encyclopedia seminaries, owe their origin reference to Father Alberic de Foresta.
Simplicius, Pope Saint - Reigned 468-483; date of birth unknown; died 10 s March, 483.
San Carlos de Ancud - The most southern of the Chilian dioceses.
Stipend - A fixed pay, salary; retribution for work done; s the income of an ecclesiastical living.
San Miniato - A city and diocese in the Province of Florence, central catholic encyclopedia Italy.
Schenkl, Maurus von - Benedictine theologian and canonist, b. at Auerbach in s Bavaria, 4 reference January 1749; d. at Amberg, 14 s June, 1816.
Seroux d'Agincourt, Jean-Baptiste-Louis-George - Born at Beauvais, 5 April, 1730; died at Rome, 24 catholic encyclopedia September, 1814. He was a descendant of the counts of catholic encyclopedia Namur.
Sedulius Scotus - An Irish teacher, grammarian and Scriptural commentator, who lived in catholic encyclopedia the ninth century.
Serrae - Titular metropolitan see in Macedonia, more correctly Serrhae, is called catholic encyclopedia Siris by Herodotus.
Sebastian, Saint - Article on this Roman martyr of the late third or early fourth century.
Stephen of Bourbon - Illustrious writer and preacher, especially noted as a historian of medieval heresies, b. towards the end of the twelfth century; d. in 1261.
Saint-Ouen, Abbey of - Located in Rouen, France, this abbey was a Benedictine monastery catholic encyclopedia of great antiquity dating back to the early Merovingian period.
Synesius of Cyrene - Bishop of Ptolomais, neo-Platonist, date of birth uncertain; reference d. about s 414.
Schwarz, Berthold - A German friar, reputed the inventor of gunpowder catholic encyclopedia and reference firearms. There has been much difference of catholic encyclopedia opinion regarding reference the bearer of this name and catholic encyclopedia his share in reference the discovery attributed to him.
Sander, Nicholas - English exile - Born at Charlwood, Surrey, in 1530; died catholic encyclopedia in Ireland, 1581.
Spire - A tapering construction in plan conical, pyramidal, octagonal, s or hexagonal crowning a steeple or tower.
Sobaipura Indians - Once an important tribe of the Piman branch of the reference great Shoshonean linguistic stock, occupying the territory of the Santa reference Cruz and San Pedro Rivers, in southeastern Arizona.
Sadlier, Mary Anne Madden - Authoress, b. at Cootehill, Co. Cavan, Ireland, 30 Dee., 1820; catholic encyclopedia d. at Montreal, Canada, 5 April, 1903.
Southwark - Suffragan of Westminster, England.
Stephen (IV) V, Pope - Date of birth unknown; died 24 Jan., 817.
Stoddard, Charles Warren - An American author, born 7 August, 1843, at Rochester, N. Y.; died 23 April, 1909, at Monterey, California.
Sedilia - The name given to seats on the south side of the sanctuary, used by the officiating clergy during the liturgy.
Sabina, Saint - Martyr in 126 or 127, at Rome.
Saint Andrews, University of - The germ of the university is to be s found in an association of learned ecclesiastics, formed s in 1410, among whom were: Laurence of Lindores, s Abbot of Scone, Richard Cornwall, Archdeacon of Lothian, s Wm. Stephen, afterwards Archbishop of Dunblane. They offe
Skarga, Peter - Theologian and missionary, b. at Grojec, 1536; d. s at Cracow, catholic encyclopedia 27 Sept., 1612.
Schannat, Johann Friedrich - German historian, b. at Luxembourg, 23 July, 1683; d. at catholic encyclopedia Heidleberg, 6 March, 1739.
Scarron, Paul - French poet and dramatist, b. in Paris, 4 catholic encyclopedia July, 1610; d. 7 October, 1660.
Schöffer, Peter - Publisher and printer, b. at Gernsheim on the reference Rine about reference 1425; d. at Mainz in 1503.
Schall von Bell, Johann Adam - An especially prominent figure among the missionaries to China, b. reference of an important family at Cologne in 1591; d. at reference Peking, 15 Aug., 1666.
Seghers, Charles John - Bishop of Vancouver Island (today Victoria), Apostle of reference Alaska. b. catholic encyclopedia at Ghent, Belgium, 26 Dec., 1839; reference d. in Alaska, 28 catholic encyclopedia Nov., 1886.
Supper, The Last - The Evangelists and critics generally agree that the Last Supper was on a Thursday, that Christ suffered and died on Friday, and that He arose from the dead on Sunday.
Salzburg - The Archdiocese of Salzburg is conterminous with the Austrian crown-land reference of the same name.
Semitic Epigraphy - Discussion of the science by this name.
Sulpitius - Two bishops of Bourges bore this name.
Silandus - A titular see in Lydia, suffragan of Sardis. s It is not mentioned by any ancient geographer s or historian.
Sistine Choir - With the building by Sixtus IV (1471-84) of the church for the celebration of all papal functions since known as the Sistine Chapel, the original schola cantorum and subsequent capella pontificia or capella papale, which still retains more or less of the
Solomon Islands, Northern - Established on 23 May, 1898, by separation from the Vicariate catholic encyclopedia Apostolic of New Pomerania.
Saint-Brieuc - Diocese; comprises the Department of the Côtes du Nord. Re-established catholic encyclopedia by the Concordat of 1802 as suffragan of Tours, later, catholic encyclopedia in 1850, suffragan of Rennes.
Sem (Shem) - Son of Noe.
Sechnall, Saint - Bishop, nephew of St. Patrick. First Irish Christian s to write s Latin poetry. Died 457.
Senanque - Cistercian monastery and cradle of the modern Cistereians s of the catholic encyclopedia Immaculate Conception.
Severinus, Pope - Reigned May-August 640,
Stained Glass - The popular name for the glass used in the making s of coloured windows.
Saint Asaph, Ancient Diocese of - Founded by St. Kentigern about the middle of the sixth s century when he was exiled from his see in Scotland.
Sidonius Apollinaris - Christian author and Bishop of Clermont, b. at s Lyons, 5 November, about 430; d. at Clermont, s about August, 480.
San Francisco - Archdiocese established 29 July 1853 to include multiple s counties in catholic encyclopedia the State of California, U.S.A.
Sagalassus - A titular see in Pisidia, suffragan of Antioch.
South Dakota - The thirty-ninth state, admitted to the Union on 2 November, 1889.
Sailer, Johann Michael - Professor of theology and Bishop of Ratisbon, b. reference at Aresing catholic encyclopedia in Upper Bavaria 17 October, 1751; reference d. 20 May, 1832, catholic encyclopedia at Ratisbon.
Schoenberg, Matthias von - Author, b. at Ehingen, in the Diocese of s Constance, 9 reference Nov., 1732; d. at Munich, 20 s Apr., 1792.
Stifter, Adalbert - Poet and pedagogue, b. at Oberplan in Bohemia, reference 23 October, s 1805; d. at Linz, 28 October, reference 1868.
Swithin Wells, Saint - A married lay schoolmaster, hanged opposite his house in 1591 catholic encyclopedia for the crime of attending mass.
Smaragdus, Ardo - Hagiographer, died at the Benedictine monastery of Aniane, catholic encyclopedia Herault, s in Southern France, March, 843.
Simeon, Holy - The "just and devout" man of Jerusalem who catholic encyclopedia according to the narrative of St. Luke, greeted catholic encyclopedia the infant Saviour on the occasion of His catholic encyclopedia presentation in the Temple.
Syracuse - Archdiocese of Syracuse (Syracusana) in Sicily.
Syriac Hymnody - To the general consideration set forth in the catholic encyclopedia article hymnody and hymnology must be added some catholic encyclopedia bearing particularly on the structure and liturgical use catholic encyclopedia of hymns (madrashe), exclusive of poetical homilies or catholic encyclopedia discourses (mimre), which belong to the narrativ
Saavedra Remírez de Baquedano, Angel de - Spanish poet and statesman, b. at Cordova, 10 March, 1791; d. at Madrid, 22 June, 1865.
Sporer, Patritius - Moral theologian, born at Passau, Bavaria; died there, 29 May, catholic encyclopedia 1683.
Stevenson, Joseph - Archivist, born at Berwick-on-Tweed, 27 Nov., 1806; died catholic encyclopedia in s London, 8 Feb., 1895.
Samogitia - A Russian diocese, also called Telshi (Telshe), including the part catholic encyclopedia of Lithuania lying on the Baltic.
Streber, Franz Seraph - Numismatist and nephew of Franz Ignaz von Streber, reference born at s Deutenkofen, Lower Bavaria, 26 Feb., 1805; reference died at Munich, 21 s Nov. 1864.
Simon Magus - According to the testimony of St. Justin, Simon came from catholic encyclopedia Gitta in the country of the Samaritans.
Sept-Fons, Notre-Dame de Saint-Lieu - Located in the Diocese of Moulins in France, it was founded (1132) by Guichard and Guillaume de Bourbon, of the family de Bourbon-Lancy, which gave kings to France, Italy, and Spain.
Sorin, Edward - The founder of Notre Dame, Indiana; b. 6 catholic encyclopedia Feb., catholic encyclopedia 1814, at Ahuillé, near Laval, France; d. catholic encyclopedia 31 Oct., catholic encyclopedia 1893, at Notre Dame, U.S.A.
Sacrifice - This term is identical with the English offering catholic encyclopedia (Latin reference offerre) and the German Opfer.
Seville - Archdiocese in Spain.
Sander, Anton - Historian, b. at Antwerp, 1586; d. at Afflighem, Belgium, 10 catholic encyclopedia Jan., 1664.
Szántó, Stephan - Born in the Diocese of Raab, Hungary, 1541; s died at reference Olmütz in 1612.
Sherbrooke - Diocese in the Province of Quebec, suffragan of s the Archdiocese of Montreal, erected by Pius IX, s 28 Aug., 1874.
Stolberg - Friedrich Leopold, Count zu Stolberg. Born at Brammstedt s in Holstein (then a part of Denmark), 7 s November, 1750; d. at Sondermühlen near Osnabrück, 5 s December, 1819.
Shan-tung, Vicariate Apostolic of Eastern - This mission was separated in 1894 from Northern Shan-Tung and erected into a vicariate Apostolic.
Segni - Located in the Province of Rome. The city, s situated on a hill in the Monti Lepini s overlooks the valley of the river Sacco.
Syncelli - A name which in the early Church was reference given to those monks or clerics who lived reference in the same room with their bishops, and reference whose duty it was to be witnesses to reference the purity of their lives or to perform reference the daily spiritual exercises in common with them.
Sixtus V, Pope - Born at Grottamare near Montalto, 13 December, 1521; reference elected 24 April, 1585; crowned 1 May, 1585; reference died in the Quirinal, 27 August, 1590.
Sabinianus, Pope - Reigned 604-606. The son of Bonus, he was reference born at Blera (Bieda) near Viterbo. In 593 reference he was sent by St. Gregory I as reference apocrisiarius or Apostolic nuncio to Constantinople; but in reference some respects his administration of the office did reference not come up to Gregory's ex
Spenser, John - Converted while a student at Cambridge and entered the Society of Jesus in 1627.
Salmanticenses and Complutenses - Authors of the courses of scholastic philosophy and theology, and catholic encyclopedia moral theology.
Sioux Falls - Suffragan of St. Paul, comprises all that part s of the State of South Dakota east of s the Missouri River.
Starr, Eliza Allen - Writer and artist, born at Deerfield, Massachusetts, 29 catholic encyclopedia August, catholic encyclopedia 1824; died at Durand, Illinois, 8 September, catholic encyclopedia 1901.
Synod - A general term for ecclesiastical gatherings under hierarchical authority, for the discussion and decision of matters relating to faith, morals, or discipline. It corresponds to the Latin word concilium.
Sydney Hodgson, Blessed - Was martyred in 1591 for having assisted priests catholic encyclopedia and for being a convert to Catholicism.
Sault Sainte Marie - Ontario, Canada, diocese erected in 1904.
Sankt Pölten - Diocese in Lower Austria.
Scruple - An unfounded apprehension and consequently unwarranted fear that something is catholic encyclopedia a sin which, as a matter of fact, is not.
Sinis - A titular See in Armenia Secunda, suffragan of reference Melitene.
Stanza - An Italian word signifying room, chamber, apartment. In English the catholic encyclopedia term is chiefly used for Raphael\\'s celebrated Stanze in the catholic encyclopedia Vatican Palace, four in number, the walls of which were catholic encyclopedia frescoed by Raphael and his pupils.
Schwind, Moritz von - Painter - Born at Vienna, 1804; died at catholic encyclopedia Munich, s 1871.
Spontini, Gasparo Luigi Pacifico - Composer, born at Magolati, near Jesi, Ancona, 14 s Nov., 1774; died there, 14 Jan., 1851.
Stephen of Autun - Bishop, liturgical writer, b. at Bangé (hence surnamed reference Blagiacus or de Balgiaco) in Anjou; d. at reference the abbey of Cluny, 1139 or early in reference 1140.
Satolli, Francesco - Theologian, cardinal, first Apostolic delegate to the United reference States, b. catholic encyclopedia 21 July, 1839, at Marsciano near reference Perugia; d. 8 Jan., catholic encyclopedia 1910, at Rome.
Sirleto, Gugliemo - Cardinal and scholar, born at Guardavalle near Stilo in Calabria, 1514; died at Rome, 6 October, 1585.
Samson - Abbot of St. Edmunds (1135-1211)
Simeon Stylites the Younger, Saint - From Antioch. 521-597, lived on a pillar for catholic encyclopedia 68 s years. Also a brief mention of St. catholic encyclopedia Simeon Stylites s III.
Suidas - Author of, perhaps, the most important Greek lexicon or encyclopedia.
Shrewsbury - One of the thirteen English dioceses created by Apostolic Letter catholic encyclopedia of Pius IX on 27 Sept., 1850. It then comprised catholic encyclopedia the English counties of Shropshire and Cheshire, and the Welsh catholic encyclopedia counties of Carnarvon, Flint, Denbigh, Merioneth, Montgomery, and Anglesey.
Slavs in America - History of ethnic Slavs migrating to the U.S.
Supremi Disciplinæ - Motu Proprio of Pius X, promulgated 2 July, catholic encyclopedia 1911, s relating to Holy Days of obligation. On catholic encyclopedia Holy Days s of precept a twofold duty is catholic encyclopedia incumbent on the s faithful, of hearing Mass and catholic encyclopedia of abstaining from servile s work.
Savannah - The Diocese of Savannah comprises the State of reference Georgia and s was created as such by Pius reference IX, 1850.
Sovana and Pitigliano - The two towns, Sovana and Pitigliano, are situated in the s Province of Grosseto, Central Italy.
Salazar, Domingo de - Born in La Rioja, in the village of La Bastida on the banks of the Ebro, 1512; died in Madrid, 4 December, 1594. Devoted to the conversion of natives of the new world.
Sa, Manoel de - Portuguese theologian and exegete, b. at Villa do catholic encyclopedia Conde reference (Province Entre-Minho-e-Douro), 1530; d. at Arona (Italy), catholic encyclopedia 30 Dec., reference 1596.
Stephen (VII) VIII, Pope - Date of birth unknown; died in February or catholic encyclopedia March, catholic encyclopedia 931.
Segovia - Diocese in Spain; bounded on the north by Valladolid, Burgos, catholic encyclopedia and Soria; on the east by Guadalajara; on the south catholic encyclopedia by Madrid; on the west by Avila and Valladolid.
Saint-Victor, Achard de - Canon regular, Abbot of St-Victor, Paris, and Bishop of Avranches, b. about 1100; d. 1172.
Sheil, Richard Lalor - Dramatist, prose writer, and politician, b. at Drumdowny, s County Kilkenny, catholic encyclopedia Ireland, 17 August, 1791; d. at, s Florence, Italy, 25 May, catholic encyclopedia 1851.
Schmidt, Friedrich von - Architect (1825-1891)
Summer Schools, Catholic - An assembly of Catholic clergy and laity held s during the summer months to foster intellectual culture s in harmony with Christian faith by means of s lectures and special courses along university extension lines.
Sacris Solemniis - The opening words of the hymn for Matins of Corpus catholic encyclopedia Christi and of the Votive Office of the Most Blessed catholic encyclopedia Sacrament, composed by St. Thomas Aquinas.
Sacristan - An officer who is charged with the care of the sacristy, the church, and their contents. In ancient times many duties of the sacristan were performed by the doorkeepers (ostiarii), later by the mansionarii and the treasurers.
Sicard - Bishop of Cremona (Italy) in the twelfth century, s a member s of one of the principal families s of that city, d. s 1215.
Stolz, Alban Isidor - Catholic theologian and popular author, b. at Bühl, catholic encyclopedia Baden, 3 Feb., 1808; d. at Freiberg, 16 catholic encyclopedia Oct., 1883.
Santa Cruz de la Sierra - Diocese in Bolivia, erected on 6 July, 1605, reference as suffragan reference of Lima, but since 2 July, reference 1609, it has been reference dependent on La Plata reference (Charcas).
Simon the Apostle, Saint - Also known as Simon the Zealot.
Schwanthaler, Ludwig von - Founder of the modern Romantic school of sculpture, reference b. at reference Munich in 180 2; d there, reference 1848.
Sacred Heart, Brothers of the - A congregation founded in 1821 by Père André reference Coindre, of reference the Diocese of Lyons, France. Its reference constitutions were modeled upon reference the constitutions of St. reference Ignatius based upon the Rule of reference Saint Augustine. reference Its members bind themselves for life by the reference reference simple vows
Statistics of Religions - Includes the definition and historical development, along with reference the status reference of religious bodies.
Sweden - The largest of the three Scandinavian countries and s the eastern half of the Scandinavian peninsula.
Saint-Simon and Saint-Simonism - Claude Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de Saint-Simon, was born in reference Paris, 17 Oct., 1760; died there, 19 May, 1825. He reference belonged to the family of the author of the "Memoirs".
Samoa - A group of islands situated in the south s Pacific.
Solomon Islands, Southern - The Spanish navigator Alvaro Mendana de Neyra discovered the Islands catholic encyclopedia of Ysabel, Guadalcanar, and San Christoval in 1567.
Sitjar, Buenaventura - Missionary, born at Porrera, Island of Majorca, 9 catholic encyclopedia December, reference 1739; died at San Antonio, Cal., 3 catholic encyclopedia Sept., 1808.
Solesmes - A Benedictine monastery in Department of Sarthe, near s Sablé, France.
Silesia - The largest province of Prussia.
Sura - Titular see in Augusta Euphratensis, suffragan of Hierapolis.
Syncretism - An explanation is given by Plutarch in a small work on brotherly love ("Opera Moralia", ed. Reiske, VII, 910). He there tells how the Cretans were often engaged in quarrels among themselves, but became immediately reconciled when an external ene
Scandal - A word or action evil in itself, which occasions another\'s catholic encyclopedia spiritual ruin.
Sullivan, Alexander Martin - Irish politician, lawyer and journalist, b. at Bantry catholic encyclopedia in s 1830; d. at Dartry Lodge, Rathmines, Dublin, catholic encyclopedia 17 Oct., s 1884.
Stephen (IX) X, Pope - Born probably about the beginning of the eleventh century; died reference at Florence, 29 March, 1058.
Savoy - A district in the south-eastern part of France that extends from the Lake Geneva to south of the River Arc.
Stylites - Solitaries who, taking up their abode upon the catholic encyclopedia tops catholic encyclopedia of a pillar (stylos), chose to spend catholic encyclopedia their days catholic encyclopedia amid the restraints thus entailed and catholic encyclopedia in the exercise catholic encyclopedia of other forms of asceticism. catholic encyclopedia This practice may be catholic encyclopedia regarded as the climax catholic encyclopedia of a tendency which became
Societies, Catholic - Numerous throughout the world; some are international in s scope, some s are national; some diocesan and others s parochial.
Stratonicea - A titular see in Caria (Asia Minor) suffragan catholic encyclopedia of catholic encyclopedia Stauropolis.
Schenute - A Coptic abbot. The years 332-33-34 and 350 s are mentioned s as the date of his birth, s and the years 451-52 s and 466 as the s date of his death, all authors s agreeing that s he lived about 118 years.
Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne - Diocese of Mauramanensis. Includes the arrondissement of Saint catholic encyclopedia Jean-de-Maurienne in the Department of Haute Savoie.
Samson, Saint - Biography of this Welsh-born abbot, reluctant bishop, confessor. Died about catholic encyclopedia 565.
Shammai - Jewish scribe who together with Hillel made up the last of "the pairs", or as they are sometimes erroneously named, "presidents and vice-presidents" of the Sanhedrin.
Scheiner, Christopher - German astronomer, b. at Wald, near Mindelheim, in Swabia, 25 July, 1575; d. at Niesse, in Silesia, 18 July, 1650.
Schöningh - History of this Catholic publishing house at Paderborn.
Salta, Diocese of - Comprises the civil Provinces of Salta and Jujuy s in the northern part of the Republic of s Argentina.
State and Church - The Church and the State are both perfect s societies, that catholic encyclopedia is to say, each essentially aiming s at a common good catholic encyclopedia commensurate with the need s of mankind at large and ultimate catholic encyclopedia in a s generic kind of life, and each juridically competent catholic encyclopedia s to provide all the necessar
Sylvius, Francis - Theologian, born at Braine-le-Comte, Hainault, Belgium, 1581; died catholic encyclopedia at Douai, 22 February, 1649.
Shan-si, Vicariate Apostolic of Southern - Erected in 1890; the mission is entrusted to reference the Franciscan reference Fathers.
Sandhurst - Diocese in Victoria, Australia; suffragan of Melbourne.
Stanley Falls - Vicariate Apostolic in the Belgian Congo.
Secularization - An authorization given to religious with solemn vows and by catholic encyclopedia extension to those with simple vows to live for a catholic encyclopedia time or permanently in the "world".
Surplice - A large-sleeved tunic of half-length, made of fine catholic encyclopedia linen s or cotton, and worn by all the catholic encyclopedia clergy.
Societies, Secret - A designation of which the exact meaning has reference varied at s different times.
Sarbiewski, Mathias Casimir - The Horace of Poland, b. near Plonsk, in s the Duchy s of Masovia, 24 February, 1595; d. s 2 April, 1649. He s entered the novitiate of s the Jesuits at Vilna on 25 s July, 1612.
Senegambia - Vicariate Apostolic, to which is joined the Prefecture Apostolic of s Senegal (Senegalensis), both in French West Africa.
Senan, Saint - Sixth-century Irish missionary, bishop, and confessor. Was revered reference even in reference his earthly life for his sanctity, reference being visited by Sts. reference Ciaran and Brendan.
Salerno - Diocese in Campania, Southern Italy. The city is situated on catholic encyclopedia the gulf of the same name, backed by a high catholic encyclopedia rock crowned with an ancient castle.

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